Evaluation of the value of fasting plasma glucose in the first trimester for the prediction of adverse pregnancy outcomes

Abstract

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Early Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Diagnostic Strategies and Clinical Implications

“…Of note, the study excluded women with an FPG of more than 105 mg/dL (5.8 mmol/L) [ 33 ]. Several other studies have shown an association between LGA and macrosomia with elevation in first-trimester FPG [ 36 , 41 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 ]. A higher FPG was also associated with pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) [ 36 , 46 , 48 ], prematurity and preterm birth [ 46 , 48 ], non-evolutive pregnancies and fetal death [ 50 ], CS and assisted vaginal delivery [ 41 ], and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission [ 51 ].…”

“…Several other studies have shown an association between LGA and macrosomia with elevation in first-trimester FPG [ 36 , 41 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 ]. A higher FPG was also associated with pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) [ 36 , 46 , 48 ], prematurity and preterm birth [ 46 , 48 ], non-evolutive pregnancies and fetal death [ 50 ], CS and assisted vaginal delivery [ 41 ], and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission [ 51 ]. An interesting observation was the higher risk of fetal complications arising from elevated FPG levels irrespective of subsequent GDM [ 48 , 51 ].…”

“…A higher FPG was also associated with pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) [ 36 , 46 , 48 ], prematurity and preterm birth [ 46 , 48 ], non-evolutive pregnancies and fetal death [ 50 ], CS and assisted vaginal delivery [ 41 ], and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission [ 51 ]. An interesting observation was the higher risk of fetal complications arising from elevated FPG levels irrespective of subsequent GDM [ 48 , 51 ]. In a large retrospective analysis of 22,398 singleton pregnancies from China, women with medium FPG (92–100.8 mg/dL (5.1 mmol/L–5.6 mmol/L)) showed an increased risk of PIH and macrosomia.…”

“…In a large retrospective analysis of 22,398 singleton pregnancies from China, women with medium FPG (92–100.8 mg/dL (5.1 mmol/L–5.6 mmol/L)) showed an increased risk of PIH and macrosomia. Higher values of FPG (100.8—126 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L–7.0 mmol/L)) correlated with PIH, macrosomia, LGA, and preterm birth despite a normal OGTT between 24 and 28 weeks [ 48 ].…”

“…First-trimester FPG ≥ 92 mg/dL (5.1 mmol/L), as well as 100.8 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L), indicate a higher risk of macrosomia, LGA, non-evolutive pregnancies, fetal death, PIH, and NICU admissions [ 36 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 ]. In a recently published large retrospective study analyzing 22,398 singleton pregnancies, FPG ≥ 92 mg/dL (5.1 mmol/L) and a normal OGTT between 24 and 28 weeks had a similar pregnancy outcome as cGDM [ 48 ]. These findings indicate that elevated FPG in early pregnancy might pose an additional perinatal risk irrespective of the development of cGDM.…”