Evaluation of the Viability and Seed Quality Response of six Wheat Cultivars to Storage Conditions form in different locations

Abstract

I N THIS STUDY we evaluated different terms of wheat seeds storage form on grain quality. This study was conducted at the Seed Technology Department during 2016-2017 years to investigate the effect of some storage conditions ,i.e. storage times (after harvest, 6 and 18 months), location (Sakha and Sids), form of wheat (grain and spike) and six wheat cultivars (Sakha 93, Giza 168, Sids 12, Misr 1, Gemiza 9 and Gemiza 11) of grain on the germination, seedling vigor, viability and some grain quality parameters from the wheat stored. The results revealed that, in both locations there was a significant increase in moisture content, E.C and acidity percentage due to long storage time also wheat stored in spike form is more resistant than wheat stored in grain form against adverse storage conditions by lower content of moisture, E.C and acidity percentage. The results illustrated that increasing storage period after harvest until 18 months caused negative effect on all characters. The highest values of germination percentage, seedling vigor, 1000-grain weight, relative density, protein percentage and viability parameters were recorded with wheat stored in spike form in both locations. There were highly significant differences among seed quality characters due to storage locations. Due to lower relative humidity value in Sids (RH=40%) compared to Sakha locations (RH=80%), Sids gave higher values for germination percentage, seedling vigor, grain viability, 1000-grain weight, relative density and protein percentage. On the other hand, results recorded highly significant differences among the tested cultivars for all studied characters mainly due to differences in the genetic constitution of these cultivars. Misr 1 then Giza 168 gave the highest values of germination percentage and seedling vigor, while Sakha 93 gave the lowest value of germination percentage and seedling vigor.

Effect of packages types and some treatments on wheat seed during storage

“…After 18 months from storage, the highest mean of acidity (32.40) was obtained from control treatment (untreated seed) after storage in jute packages or plastic packages , meanwhile the lowest mean (19.90) was recorded from treated seed with copper nanoparticles with polyethylene bags. These results are in agreement with those reported by many authors such as [35,40,41].…”

“…1000-seed weight indicates the degree of seed size and degree of fullness, when 1000seed weight increases, the seed yield increases. These results are in confirmation with [36,40].…”

“…The moisture content of seeds in packaging materials increased in long storage due to the effect of seed respiration and heat accumulation in a package. Similar finding were recorded by [37,38,40,42,43].…”

“…Relative density indicates the degree of seed size and degree of fullness, when relative density increases, weight of seed increases and thus the seed yield increases. Similar finding were obtained by [40].…”

“…This is due to the lack of carbohydrate percentage as a result of respiration process. These results are in confirmation with [40,44,46,53,54]. Regarding to the effect of interaction between packages and seed treatments on protein percentage was significant after eighteen months as presented in Table 7 after 18 months from…”