A 73-yr-old male presented with fever, vomiting, and dyspnea.His medical history included a prior cerebrovascular attack and multiple complications caused by hemiplegia, including recurrent urinary tract infections and pressure sores requiring continuous medical care.On the day of admission, his body temperature, pulse rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure were 40.4°C, 108/min, 39/min, and 170/90 mmHg, respectively. Abdominal examina-tion revealed diffuse tenderness and guarding with absence of bowel sounds. The initial laboratory test data were as follows: Hb, 14.9 g/dL; white blood cell count, 7,250/μL (neutrophils, 78.0%); and platelets, 110,000/μL. His procalcitonin level was elevated to 28.46 ng/mL. Sputum and urine cultures were negative. PCR to detect Eggerthella lenta is an anaerobic, non-spore-forming, non-motile, gram-positive bacillus that can be isolated from human feces and a few other clinical specimens. Bacteremia caused by the organism is rare but, when present, is always of clinical significance. E. lenta is an emerging pathogen that has been under-recognized because of difficulties with its laboratory identification. Few reports on E. lenta infections and the optimal treatment thereof are available. We describe a case of bacteremia caused by E. lenta in an elderly patient with an intra-abdominal abscess. We also review the current literature.