Evaluation of the Waggoner Computerized Color Vision Test

Ng, Jason; Self, Eriko; Vanston, John Erik; Nguyen, Andrew; Crognale, Michael A.

doi:10.1097/opx.0000000000000551

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This selection could have effectively separated normal trichromats from the colour vision deficient 2012. Earlier studies comparing smartphone‐based applications to Ishihara's booklet have demonstrated a good sensitivity and specificity with few applications (Eye2Phone)2015 and a relatively poor specificity (colour vision test) with few other applications 2016. This difference was attributed to the technologies involved like the property of display, screen size and corresponding test plate size, glare and reflections from the smartphone screen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dalton's pseudo‐isochromatic plates and congenital colour vision deficiency

Narayanan

Venkadesan

Krishnamurthy

et al. 2020

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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Background: Diagnosing colour vision deficiency is vital, owing to its impact on the choice of career and activities of daily living. Conventional screening methods require frequent replacement due to soiling of the materials, and hence are expensive and not feasible for large-scale community screening. This study aims to construct and validate a new screening tool, Dalton's pseudo-isochromatic plates (PIP), addressing the disadvantages of the conventional methods. Methods: The two phases of the study included the construction and validation of the Dalton's PIP. Construction involved utilising specific wavelengths based on spectral tuning, selection of numerals as targets for the chart and identification of a material with durability and resistance to wear and tear. Validation of the chart was done against the 38-plate edition of Ishihara's PIP by two masked examiners for 1,019 school children aged between 11-17 years (mean AE SD: 14 AE 2 years) as part of a school eye-health program. Results: The sensitivity and the specificity of the Dalton's PIP was found to be 94.12 per cent (95% CI 71.31-99.85) and 99.60 per cent (95% CI 98.98-99.89) respectively and the positive and negative predictive values were 80 per cent and 99.90 per cent respectively. Dalton's PIP when used with a failure criterion of less than three plates correct in two screening sets had the maximum sensitivity and specificity and the area under the curve was 0.96 (95% CI 0.90-0.99, p < 0.05). Conclusion: The newly constructed Dalton's PIP is found to be a valid screening tool to detect congenital colour vision deficiency and is comparable to the Ishihara PIP. This screening tool with its shorter screening time, cost and longer durability would effectively serve in large-scale vision screening programs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dalton's pseudo‐isochromatic plates and congenital colour vision deficiency

Narayanan

Venkadesan

Krishnamurthy

et al. 2020

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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“…Subjects who were identified as colour vision deficient during the Pre-testing phase were excluded from the analysis. Both tests were third party validated and are amongst current tools recommended by FAA and EASA for aircrew colour vision assessment [ 5 , 32 , 36 , 37 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of colour vision impairment during acute hypobaric hypoxia in aviation medicine: a randomized controlled trial

Liebold,

Adler,

Jansen

et al. 2024

J Physiol Sci

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The digitization of aircraft cockpits places high demands on the colour vision of pilots. The present study investigates colour vision changes upon acute exposure to hypobaric hypoxia. The digital Waggoner Computerized Color Vision Test and the Waggoner D-15 were performed by 54 healthy volunteers in a decompression chamber. Respective altitude levels were sea level, 10,000 or 15,000 ft for exposure periods of 15 and 60 min, respectively. As for 60 min of exposure a significant decrease in colour perception was found between subjects at 15,000 ft as compared to the control group as well as between subjects at 15,000 ft as compared to subjects at 10,000 ft. No significant difference was found in the comparison within the 15,000 ft groups across time points pre-, peri-, and post-exposure. Thus, pilots appear to experience only minor colour vision impairment up to an exposure altitude of 15,000 ft over 60 min of exposure.

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“…As the Ishihara test focuses on the diagnosis of congenital red-green abnormality, we selected a specific test plate from the WCCVT for the diagnosis of tritanomalous CDO. It is worth noting that the WCCVT's Adult Diagnostic test is highly regarded and has been selected as one of three "precision" color vision tests available by the U.S.FAA [2]. The diagnostic test for WCCVT is capable of identifying tritanomalous CDO.…”

Section: Test Plate Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there are differences between computerized and paper-based testing result. For example, the screening performance of the computerized color vision test (CCVT) is similar to other PIP tests, but the diagnostic performance differs [2]. The W-D15 and F-D15 tests do not exhibit perfect consistency [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Display Characteristics and Color Reproduction Method in Computerized Color Vision Test

Zhang,

Ma,

Liu

et al. 2023

cic

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A simulation was performed using simulated displays to examine how the results of the computerized color vision test are influenced by display characteristics, and color reproduction methods. In this work, the color difference between the background and the number in the test plates was employed to quantify the visibility of the target number in the computerized test. The results have indicated that for the color-appearance-based reproduction method, the impact of display characteristics on the target visibility is minimal except for the displays with extremely narrow bandwidth. While for the tristimulus-based reproduction method, it is necessary to consider display characteristics for the computerized color vision test.

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Evaluation of the Waggoner Computerized Color Vision Test

Abstract: The Waggoner CCVT is an adequate color vision screening test with several advantages and appears to provide a fairly accurate diagnosis of deficiency type. Used in conjunction with other color vision tests, it may be a useful addition to a color vision test battery.

Cited by 9 publications

References 15 publications

Dalton's pseudo‐isochromatic plates and congenital colour vision deficiency

Dalton's pseudo‐isochromatic plates and congenital colour vision deficiency

Evaluation of colour vision impairment during acute hypobaric hypoxia in aviation medicine: a randomized controlled trial

Effect of Display Characteristics and Color Reproduction Method in Computerized Color Vision Test

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