Evaluation of the water quality of borehole water from a partially remediated oil spill site in Ikot Ada Udo, Akwa Ibom State, South–South Nigeria

Joseph, Akaninyene; Udofia, Udeme Uyom; Ajang, Raymond

doi:10.1016/j.eti.2021.101967

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…As there is no definition of a specific methodology for the determination of dissolved manganese, the choice being optional, within the various forms of determination presented by the authorities, each laboratory in the Petrobras System carries out the analysis using a methodology chosen with consideration of the physical structure of the laboratory, people, and budget. Recent studies analyzing manganese in produced water use the analytical techniques of optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma [7][8][9], and mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma [10,11]. More attention has been paid to the analytical assessment of oil fields using water treatment technologies [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical Compatibility between Various Techniques for Determining Dissolved Manganese in Produced Water

Manea,

Freire,

Junior

et al. 2024

Analytica

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Petroleum-produced water is the primary effluent generated during the oil extraction process, presenting high flow rates, and containing a series of chemical components that are harmful to the environment, such as dissolved manganese. The proof of metrological compatibility between laboratories and different test methods or techniques is an analytical challenge when complying with environmental laws and regulations, which is the aim of this study. The first step of this study was to compare the results of manganese content in real test samples of produced water between some laboratories that used different test methods, that is, flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Based on one-way analysis of variance, systematic errors were found. The following step was to visit a specific lab, where one could confirm the relevance of the wavelength parameters, operating conditions for the view configuration, and effects of the saline matrices. Finally, a compatibility assessment between the reference laboratory and a new laboratory, which implemented and validated its analytical methodology based on these analytical adjustments, and the experiences and lessons learned in the previous step, was undertaken by a paired t-test.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical Compatibility between Various Techniques for Determining Dissolved Manganese in Produced Water

Manea,

Freire,

Junior

et al. 2024

Analytica

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“…Given the gross inability of the Nigerian government to provide potable water to all her citizens, a number of potable water alternative have spranged up in the last few decades. Notable among them is the sachet water, a widely consumed "potable" water not just in Nigeria but across West Africa with unintended consequences [7][8][9][10][11][12].…”

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confidence: 99%

Impact of exposure to sunlight before consumption of packaged potable water (Sachet Water) in Calabar Metropolis, Cross River State, Southeastern Nigeria

Umoafia¹,

Edet²,

Joseph³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background Potable water have been shown to be a source of contamination due to poor handling during its supply chain process. It is common practice for sachet water, a widely consumed potable water across Nigerian and West African cities to be exposed to sunlight for hours daily before they are sold to consumers. This practice coupled with the polyethene plastic packaging could cause leaching of heavy metals and other chemical components of the plastic package into the sachet water, and also cause its biological quality to deteriorate posing great public health concerns which prompted this study. Methods Three (3) sachet water brands (n = 4 per brand) were collected and exposed to sunlight daily for 14, 28, and 48 days were analyzed for heavy metals, total hardness, and other physico-chemical parameters using standard protocols. In addition, we also evaluated total heterotrophic bacteria and coliform counts, and antibiotic susceptibility of resulting isolates. Results All brands of the exposed sachet water recorded increased levels of physico-chemical parameters (except pH) and heavy metals compared to the control group in a linear fashion to exposure time. Zn was the most ingested from sachet water brands. The ADD, HQ, and HI evaluations revealed that consuming these brands of sachet water exposed to different durations of sunlight could be expose consumers to Cr, Cd, Pb, As, and Ni toxicities. The CR of Cr, As, and Ni in all brands of the sachet water exposed to sunlight were above the safe value of 10− 4, indicating a likelihood of the population having cancer after over 60 years of exposure. Ni posed the highest carcinogenic risk in all sachet water brands exposed to sunlight for 42 days. All the brands evaluated failed to meet the World Health Organization and national safety limits for total heterotrophic bacteria and total coliform counts. Six out nine isolates elaborated extracellular amylase while all produced protease, enzymes linked with biofilm formation and pathogenicity, respectively. Furthermore, the isolates showed multi-drug resistance. Conclusion The potential health risk inherent in this practice has significant public health implications for the consumers across Nigeria and the West African region.

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Impacts of sunlight exposure on physicochemical parameters, potential toxic metals, and microbial characteristics of sachet drinking water sold in Calabar metropolis, Nigeria

Umoafia,

Edet,

Joseph

et al. 2023

SN Appl. Sci.

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Poor handling of potable water is a well-known route of contamination. Despite this, Nigeria’s most consumed packaged potable water called “sachet” or “pure water” is still poorly handled with long hours of exposure to sunlight which may affect its quality. This study examined the potential deterioration of the sachet water quality (potential toxic metals and bacteriological), and the health implication posed by long-time exposure to sunlight. Collected water samples were subjected to physiochemical analysis, metal analysis, risk assessment, and microbiological examination. Three sachet water brands (n = 4 bags per brand) exposed to sunlight daily for 14, 28, and 42 days were analysed for potentially toxic metals, and health risk assessments (Average daily dose-ADD, hazard quotient-HQ, hazard index-HI, and carcinogenic risk-CR). The physicochemical, and microbiological (total heterotrophic bacteria count-THBC, and total coliform count-TCC) parameters were equally analysed using the Kirby Bauer and pour plate technique. In all brands, the levels of physicochemical parameters (except pH), and potential toxic metals were comparatively higher than the control in an exposure time-dependent fashion. Furthermore, all the exposed samples failed to meet the safety limits of the WHO, and national standards (NAFDAC and NDSWQ) for drinking water. Among the metals, zinc was the most ingested metal in all the brands. The ADD, HQ, and HI evaluations revealed that consuming the exposed water could lead to higher accumulation of Cr, Cd, Pb, As, and Ni in the body following exposure. The CR of Cr, As, and Ni after exposure to sunlight were > than the safe value (10–4), implying the likelihood of cancer after over 60 years. Microbial counts increased with the length of exposure, and all the isolates showed pathogenicity and multidrug resistance. The potential health risk inherent in sachet water after exposure to sunlight has significant health implications for consumers.

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Evaluation of the water quality of borehole water from a partially remediated oil spill site in Ikot Ada Udo, Akwa Ibom State, South–South Nigeria

Cited by 6 publications

References 9 publications

Analytical Compatibility between Various Techniques for Determining Dissolved Manganese in Produced Water

Analytical Compatibility between Various Techniques for Determining Dissolved Manganese in Produced Water

Impact of exposure to sunlight before consumption of packaged potable water (Sachet Water) in Calabar Metropolis, Cross River State, Southeastern Nigeria

Impacts of sunlight exposure on physicochemical parameters, potential toxic metals, and microbial characteristics of sachet drinking water sold in Calabar metropolis, Nigeria

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