Evaluation of Therapeutic Efficacy of Nanoparticles Against Secondary Cystic Hydatidiosis

Abstract

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a widespread zoonotic parasitic disease caused by the hydatid cyst of Echinococcus granulosus. The World Health Organization classifies it as a neglected tropical disease, particularly affecting areas with free-roaming dogs scavenging on animal carcasses. In the Kurdistan region of Iraq, human CE is a significant public health concern, necessitating innovative treatments beyond traditional surgery. The reemergence of infection post-surgery is often attributed to the leakage of cystic fluid, emphasizing the need to address this issue during surgical interventions. Current chemotherapeutic options, such as benzimidazole derivatives, exhibit limitations, prompting research into alternative treatments. Flubendazole (FLBZ), a broad-spectrum anthelmintic, has shown promise in mouse models, but its hydrophobicity and low water solubility hinder its efficacy in humans. Nanomedicine offers a potential solution, with the use of biodegradable nanoparticles to enhance the solubility, absorption, and safety of FLBZ. This approach presents a novel strategy for treating E. granulosus infections, improving drug bioavailability and reducing adverse effects. Moreover, the application of nanoparticles in targeted drug delivery to hydatid cysts has gained attention. Nanoparticles, with their small size and high surface area, show promise in improving drug permeability and retention within cysts, thereby enhancing treatment outcomes and minimizing systemic side effects. Ongoing research explores the incorporation of nanoparticles, such as silver, gold, and zinc, to boost the efficacy of therapeutic compounds and address the challenges associated with hydatidosis treatment.