Evaluation of three serological tests for diagnosis of bovine brucellosis in smallholder farms in Pakistan by estimating sensitivity and specificity using Bayesian latent class analysis

Arif, Suparman; Heller, Jane; Hernández‐Jover, Marta; McGill, David; Thomson, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2017.11.002

Cited by 33 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Therefore, a Bayesian latent class approach was used to evaluate three diagnostic tests simultaneously for field conditions in Pakistan. The result from the evaluation study suggests using RBT and C-ELISA in parallel combination produced the highest overall sensitivity and specificity (Arif et al 2018), when considered as their sum. Consequently, this definition was adopted in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Bovine brucellosis in Pakistan; an analysis of engagement with risk factors in smallholder farmer settings

Arif

Thomson

Hernández‐Jover

et al. 2019

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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A cross‐sectional study was conducted to estimate the seroprevalence of bovine brucellosis in smallholder farms in seven regions in Pakistan, identify herd and individual level risk factors for seropositivity and assess the level of engagement of farmers with risk factors. In total, 1063 cattle and buffalo belonging to 420 herds in seven districts were sampled. The Rose Bengal test (RBT), indirect enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (I‐ELISA) and competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (C‐ELISA) were used for the serological diagnosis of bovine brucellosis on all the serum samples. The associations between herd‐and animal‐level risk factors and seropositivity were investigated using logistic regression analyses. In addition, herd management practice scores, created to quantify the number of management practices undertaken that pose a risk for Brucella transmission, were calculated and compared between seropositive and negative herds within each district. Overall herd and animal prevalence were estimated to be 16.2% (95% CI, 13–20%) and 8.7% (95% CI, 7.2–10.6%), respectively, across all districts sampled. Herds with a history of last trimester abortion were found to be more likely to be positive than herds without such history (OR = 2.06, 95% CI, 1.09–3.89), providing validation of our findings and identifying that clinical disease is occurring in this region. It was also identified that herds with five to eight buffalo (OR = 3.80, 95% CI, 1.69–8.49), and those with more than eight buffalo (OR = 3.81, 95% CI, 1.51–9.58) were more likely to be positive for Brucella than those with less (one to two and three to four) buffaloes present in the herd. The presence of other domestic animals at the farm and purchasing animals in last year were found to have no association with seropositivity. The findings of this study support the need for the development of targeted intervention strategies specific to the disease status of each district.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The result from the evaluation study suggests using RBT and C‐ELISA in parallel combination produced the highest overall sensitivity and specificity (Arif et al . ), when considered as their sum. Consequently, this definition was adopted in this study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bovine brucellosis in Pakistan; an analysis of engagement with risk factors in smallholder farmer settings

Arif

Thomson

Hernández‐Jover

et al. 2019

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

Self Cite

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“…RBPT and c-ELSA were combined to screen and diagnose brucellosis in China especially in some remote areas. The sensitivity and specificity of these two methods has been described previously [21, 45]. However, these two methods are not good tools for diagnosing brucellosis in the laboratory.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cutoff OD of 0.3 was used to identify positive reactions [19]. The sensitivity and specificity of these two methods have been validated as useful tools for brucellosis screening [20, 21]. Additionally, all of the serum samples were screened using the ELISA method to evaluate the changes of Chlamydia abortus -specific antibody titer.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abortion and various associated risk factors in dairy cow and sheep in Ili, China

Deng

Zhang

Shao

et al. 2020

Preprint

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12 We studied livestock abortion and various associated risk factors in the Ili region of 13 northwest China. Livestock abortion prevalence was estimated and correlated with 14 infections (Brucellosis, Salmonellosis, Mycoplasma and Chlamydia seropositivity) and 15 management (farming type and contact with other herds/flocks) risk factors. The 16 prevalence of cow and sheep abortion induced by Brucella was 76.8% (P<0.0001) and 17 84.1% (P<0.0001), and Mycoplasma caused an estimated 15.5% (P=0.025) and 17.6% 18 (P<0.001) abortions, respectively. Abortion-related risk factors included mixed 19 farming (cow P=0.001, sheep P<0.001), contact with other flocks (cow P=0.007, sheep 20 P=0.003), brucellosis positivity (cow P<0.001, sheep P<0.001) and Mycoplasma 21 positivity (cow P=0.031, sheep P<0.001). A total of 2996 serum samples (1402 cow, 22 1594 sheep) were identified by RBPT (Rose Bengal Plate Test), and they showed the 23 seroprevalence of brucellosis in X county was cow 7.1%, sheep 9.1%; in H county was 24 cow 11.7%, sheep 10.7%; and in Q county was cow 4.2%, sheep 9.1%. The 25 seroprevalence of Mycoplasma in X county was cow 3.4%, sheep 7.9%; in H county 26 was cow 5.3%, sheep 9.9%; and in Q county was cow 2.1%, sheep 4.3%. A total of 54 27 samples, including aborted cow (22), sheep (30) fetuses and milk samples (2), were 28 identified as Brucella melitensis (B. melitensis) positive. A total of 38 Brucella were 29 isolated from 16 aborted cow, 20 sheep fetuses and 2 milk samples. All of these isolates 30 were identified, and confirmed, as B. melitensis. A phylogenetic tree showed that the 31 Brucella isolates closely matched the B. melitensis biovar 3 isolated in Inner Mongolia, 32 China, and B. melitensis isolated from Norway and India. These results suggest that B.33 melitensis biovar 3 is the main pathogen responsible for cow and sheep abortion and 34 also pose a human health risk. Additionally, livestock reproduction can also be 35 influenced by Mycoplasma infection and managerial factors (farming type and contact 36 with other herds/flocks), especially in remote areas. 37 38 Introduction 39 Ruminants are a major source of meat production in China and are important for food 40 security. Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR) is located in northwest China 41 and is a major ruminant production province. In 2017, beef production (0.43 million 42 tons) and mutton production (0.58 million tons) in Xinjiang, respectively, accounted 43 for the 6.8% and 12.4% in the total beef and mutton production in China. Ili is located 44 in the western part of XUAR, where the economy is highly dependent on animal 45 production [1, 2]. The combined number of cattle and sheep is approximately 5.76 46 million in this region. The sheep and cattle are reared under traditional systems, and 47 confined sheep or cattle ranches are the two main feeding systems.48Diseases and poor animal health are major risk factors for animal production in Ili.49 The viability of sheep and cattle production is largely determined by their reproductive ...

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“…We found a seroprevalence of 6.65% for brucellosis in camels. This is expected because the disease is endemic in the country with multiple evidences on varying rate of prevalence in human, small and large ruminants (Shafee et al, 2011;Arif et al, 2018;Saeed et al, 2019) and camels (Fatima et al, 2016;Shahzad et al, 2017). Despite zoonotic implications and potential of Brucella spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sentinel surveillance of selected veterinary and public health pathogens in camel population originating from Southern Punjab province, Pakistan

et al. 2020

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An extended range of host susceptibility including camel has been evidenced for some of the important veterinary and public health pathogens, such as brucellosis, peste des petits ruminants (PPR) and bluetongue (BT). However, in disease endemic settings across many parts of the globe, most of the disease control interventions accounts for small and large ruminants, whereas unusual hosts and/or natural reservoirs, such as camels, remain neglected for disease control measures including routine vaccination. Such a policy drawback not only plays an important role in disease epizootiology particularly in settings where disease is endemic, but also serves an obstacle in disease control and subsequent eradication in future. With this background, using pre-validated ELISA and molecular assays [multiplex PCR, reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR and real-time (rt)-PCR], we conducted a large-scale pathogen-and antibody-based surveillance for brucellosis, peste des petits ruminants and bluetongue in camel population (n = 992) originating from a wide geographical region in southern part of the Punjab province, Pakistan. Varying in each of the selected districts, the seroprevalence was found to be maximum for bluetongue [n = 697 (70.26%, 95% CI: 67.29-73.07)], followed by PPR [n = 193 (19.46%,] and brucellosis [n = 66 (6.65%, 95% CI: 5.22-8.43)]. Odds of seroprevalence were more significantly associated with pregnancy status (non-pregnant, OR = 2.23, 95% CI: 1.86-5.63, p<0.01), farming system (mixed-animal, OR = 2.59, 95% CI: 1.56-4.29, p<0.01), breed (Desi, OR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.28-4.03, p<0.01) and farmer education (illiterate, OR = 3.17, 95% CI: 1.45-6.93, p<0.01) for BTV, body condition (normal, OR = 3.54, 95% CI: 1.92-6.54, p<0.01) and breed (Desi, OR = 2.19, 95% CI: 1.09-4.40, p<0.01) for brucellosis, and feeding system for PPR (grazing, OR = 2.75, 95% CI: 1.79-4.22, p<0.01). Among the total herds included (n = 74), genome corresponding to BT virus (BTV) and brucellosis was detected in 14 (18.92%, 95 CI: 11.09-30.04) and 19 herds (25.68%, 95% CI: 16.54-37.38), respectively. None of the herds was detected with genome of PPR virus (PPRV). Among the positive herds, serotype 1, 8 and 11 were detected for BTV while all the herds were exclusively positive to B. abortus. Taken together, the study highlights the role of potential disease reservoirs in the persistence and transmission of selected diseases in their susceptible hosts and, therefore, urges necessary interventions (e.g., inclusion of camels for vaccine etc.) for the control of diseases from their endemic setting worldwide.

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Evaluation of three serological tests for diagnosis of bovine brucellosis in smallholder farms in Pakistan by estimating sensitivity and specificity using Bayesian latent class analysis

Cited by 33 publications

References 28 publications

Bovine brucellosis in Pakistan; an analysis of engagement with risk factors in smallholder farmer settings

Bovine brucellosis in Pakistan; an analysis of engagement with risk factors in smallholder farmer settings

Abortion and various associated risk factors in dairy cow and sheep in Ili, China

Sentinel surveillance of selected veterinary and public health pathogens in camel population originating from Southern Punjab province, Pakistan

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