Evaluation of TiO₂ nanoparticles as viscosity modifier in palm oil bio-lubricant

Abstract

TiO2 nanoparticles is one of the most studied nanomaterials as an additive in oil lubricant due to its outstanding chemical and physical properties as well as low toxicity. This study aims to investigate the effect of TiO2 nanoparticles, as additive in renewable palm oil lubricant on the change of viscosity. Viscosity is one of the most vital physical parameters for assessing the performance of lubricant oil. The method for preparation of all samples involved adding of TiO2 nanoparticles at concentrations of 0, 0.5 and 1.0 weight percentage in lubricants, followed by mixing using ultrasonication method for 30 minutes. Investigation on the viscosity showed that the viscosity of palm oil bio-lubricants is comparable to SAE 0W20 grade lubricant. The viscosity index tends to increase with the concentration of TiO2 additive.

Tribological and Chemical–Physical Behavior of a Novel Palm Grease Blended with Zinc Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide Nano-Additives

“…Palm grease is synthesized in this work using 80% of palm olein as a green base-oil and 20% of 12-lithium hydroxystearate as a thickener to compose the final grease structure, which is prepared through three main steps [24,53]. The first step involves adding 70% olein in a 2 L measuring flask.…”

“…Roselina et al [53] conducted experimental work to enhance the viscosity index (VI) of both palm and synthetic (SAE 0W20) oils through adding TiO 2 nanoparticles. The attempt showed that VI recorded an increase of up to 4% and 7% for palm and synthetic oils, respectively.…”

Physical Properties of New Formulation of Hybrid Nanofluid-based Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) from Modified Jatropha Oil as Metalworking Fluid

“…Latib and Kamaruzaman [22] found that nanofluid with TiO2 had higher viscosity compared to other nanofluids. Roselina et al, [23] stated that the visocidty of palm oil increased with the addition of TiO2. Besides that, the viscosity also increased with the increased of nanoparticle concentration.…”

Tribological and Physicochemical Behavior of a Novel Palm Grease Blended with Zinc Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide Nano-Additives

“…Although nano-additives proved to enhance the bio-lubricant characteristics, it should be taken into concern the toxicity effect of the applied nanoparticles to avoid damaging the biodegradability of the lubricant itself. Therefore, previous studies focused on ZnO and TiO2 due to their antioxidant characteristics along with their lower toxicity [47,51]. Other investigations [46,52] recommended graphene due to its distinguished 2D multi-layered nanostructure.…”

“…Graphene was found to act as an e cient lubricant additive by decreasing the wear rate by about 35% at high temperatures [46]. Roselina et al [47] conducted an attempt to enhance the viscosity index (VI) of both palm and synthetic (SAE 0W20) oils through adding TiO2 nanoparticles. It was found that the VI has been further improved to record an increase of up to 4% and 7% for palm and synthetic oils, respectively.…”