Evaluation of total contents of Al, As, Ca, Cd, Fe, K, Mg, Ni, Pb, Zn and their fractions leached to the infusions of different tea samples. A multivariate study

Jalbani, Nusrat; Kazi, Tasneem Gul; Arain, Bilal M.; Jamali, Mohammad Khan; Afridi, Hassan Imran

doi:10.3184/095422907x255884

Cited by 20 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…However, Shekoohiyan et al ( 2012 ) investigated that infusion time influenced Cd content in infused tea. Although these levels of metals do not produce toxicity in healthy individuals having normal absorption and excretion system, they could be potentially harmful in the case of renal disorder (Jalbani et al 2007 ). The variation in the levels of these metals depends on many factors such as leaf age, plant genetics and cultivars, the method of sample preparation, weather, the use of agrochemicals, industrial activities, and type of soil, (Parviz et al 2015 ; Tao et al 2021 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimated daily intake of epichlorohydrin and certain heavy metals of bagged and loose black teas

et al. 2022

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This study aimed to determine the levels of epichlorohydrin (ECH) and some metals in 3 brands of bagged and loose black teas which are widely marketed in Alexandria markets, Egypt, and estimate the acceptable daily intake as a safety indicator. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry results revealed that ECH levels significantly differed between the tested brands steeped for 2 min and tea bags contained higher levels than in loose teas and the levels increased by increasing the steep time. These levels of ECH in all the tested brands either in tea bags or loose teas were higher than the guideline value of 0.10 μg/L. Also, the results illustrated that the adding of sucrose or washing of bags with deionized water for 1 min significantly decreased the levels of ECH. In addition, inductively coupled plasma optic emission spectrometry (ICP–OES) results illustrated that the levels of Al, Pb, and Cd were too low in infusions compared to the established guidelines. Because of the high consumption of tea in Alexanria city, Egypt, it is necessary to determine the contribution of tea to the daily dietary intake of ECH, Al, Pb and Cd. In case of the bagged teas, the calculated daily intake of ECH was on average about 55.37 times greater than that in loose teas. The consumption of both bagged and loose teas infusion could not pose a risk for population as the health hazard index was < 1. It can be concluded that consumers who prefer to use tea bags should rinse these bags before preparing the tea brewer, and do not increase the steeping time to more than 2 min.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimated daily intake of epichlorohydrin and certain heavy metals of bagged and loose black teas

et al. 2022

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“…The aqua regia method involving 6 mL of HNO 3 –HCl and 0.2 g samples using a conical beaker heated on a hot plate at 100 °C for 4 h was used to digest the soil samples (Hseu et al 2002 ; Arain et al 2008 ). About 0.5 g dried vegetable samples were weighed in Pyrex flasks and treated with HNO 3 –H 2 O 2 (2:1) on hot plate at 100 °C for 3 h for decomposition of vegetable samples (Jalbani et al 2007 ). The solutions were made up to 25 mL with distilled water and analyzed with F-AAS.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectrophotometric determination of Cu(II) in soil and vegetable samples collected from Abraha Atsbeha, Tigray, Ethiopia using heterocyclic thiosemicarbazone

2016

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Two selective and sensitive reagents, 2-acetylpyridine thiosemicarbazone (2-APT) and 3-acetylpyridine thiosemicarbazone (3-APT) were used for the spectrophotometric determination of Cu(II). Both reagents gave yellowish Cu(II) complex at a pH range of 8.0–10.0. Beer’s law was obeyed for Cu(II)–2-APT and Cu(II)–3-APT in the concentration range of 0.16–1.3 and 0.44–1.05 µg/mL, respectively. The molar absorptivity and of Cu(II)–2-APT and Cu(II)–3-APT were 2.14 × 104 at 370 nm, and 6.7 × 103 L/mol cm at 350 nm, respectively, while the Sandell’s sensitivity were 0.009 and 0.029 µg/cm2 in that order. The correlation coefficient of the standard curves of Cu(II)–2-APT and Cu(II)–3-APT were 0.999 and 0.998, respectively. The detection limit of the Cu(II)–2-APT and Cu(II)–3-APT methods were 0.053 and 0.147 µg/mL, respectively. The results demonstrated that the procedure is precise (relative standard deviation <2 %, n = 10). The method was tested for Cu(II) determination in soil and vegetable samples. Comparisons of the results with those obtained using a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer for Cu(II) determination also tested the validity of the method using paired sample t test at the 0.05 level showing a good agreement between them.

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“…The minor and trace elements in the samples (water and sediment) are analysed through ICP-MS. The pH and TDS of water samples are measured by Water Analysis Kit; Na + & K + are analysed by Flame Photometer; the analysis of NO On top of this, to understand the in uence of the factors extracted from PCA on groundwater samples and for clustering of similar data, Hierarchical Agglomerative Cluster Analysis (HACA) is performed on the dataset using squared 'Euclidean distances' as a measure of similarity (Jalbani et al 2007;Jiang et.al. 2015).…”

Section: Instruments Used For Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Multivariate Statistics Applied on Groundwater Geochemical Data to Identify Arsenic Release Mechanism and Related Microenvironments - A Case Study from Nakashipara, Tahatta-I and II Blocks of Nadia District, West Bengal, India.

Sengupta

Mukherjee

Mukhopadhyay

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The distribution of arsenic content and other variables in groundwater data of 302 tube-wells in Nakashipara and Tehatta I and II blocks of Nadia district, West Bengal, India are analysed. The arsenic content of 255 tube-wells out of 302 are above permissible limit of 10 ppb and thus contaminated. As per the spatial buffer analysis, the contaminated tube-wells are found to be within 500m distance from waterbody/abandoned/meander/palaeo channels; interior of which, in presence of fresh organic carbon and arsenic bearing fines, the reductive dissolution and desorption processes operate. From the identified three types of aquifers (1, 2, 2A), the semi to leaky-confined aquifer of Type-2 is presumably more susceptible to create arsenic release environment from sediment to groundwater due to elevated organic carbon content in clay layer that boosts bacteriogenic reductive dissolution process. The Principal Component Analysis performed on 23 variables of 302 water samples has identified five physico-chemical factors responsible for arsenic release in aqueous system from sediment. The Hierarchical Agglomerative Cluster Analysis on these five factors using ‘Euclidean distances’ as a measure of similarity has classified the tube-wells into three distinct clusters (I, II, III). With careful analysis, it is concluded that they actually represent the different stages of reductive dissolution process of arsenic release in an order of cluster II ◊ cluster I ◊ cluster III (initial to advance state). We propose that these stages mimic probable microenvironments within a broad realm of reducing environment of arsenic release, microenvironments alter rapidly within small areal distance.

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Evaluation of total contents of Al, As, Ca, Cd, Fe, K, Mg, Ni, Pb, Zn and their fractions leached to the infusions of different tea samples. A multivariate study

Cited by 20 publications

References 17 publications

Estimated daily intake of epichlorohydrin and certain heavy metals of bagged and loose black teas

Estimated daily intake of epichlorohydrin and certain heavy metals of bagged and loose black teas

Spectrophotometric determination of Cu(II) in soil and vegetable samples collected from Abraha Atsbeha, Tigray, Ethiopia using heterocyclic thiosemicarbazone

Multivariate Statistics Applied on Groundwater Geochemical Data to Identify Arsenic Release Mechanism and Related Microenvironments - A Case Study from Nakashipara, Tahatta-I and II Blocks of Nadia District, West Bengal, India.

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