Evaluation of Toxicity Induced by Engineered CuO Nanoparticles in Freshwater Fish, Labeo rohita

Abstract

With the fast development of industries relevant to nanotechnology, the inappropriate disposal of nanoproducts may initiate a new source of pollution in aquatic ecosystems, thus posing a possible danger to aquatic life. This study evaluated the eco-toxicological effects of waterborne copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) having a 32.84nm size and rod shape on a freshwater fish, Labeo rohita. 96-h LC50 of CuO-NPs was 353.98mg/L. Two sub-lethal concentrations equivalent to 1/3rd and 1/5th LC50/96h (70.79 and 117.99 mg/L) of CuO-NPs were selected for 15, 30, and 45-day exposure tests. Bioaccumulation for the 1/3rd 96h LC50 was significantly higher compared to 1/5th of 96-h LC50 of CuO-NPs. There was a sharp decrease in the CAT activity and this decline ultimately increased the TBARS contents. The highest percentage of damaged nuclei and genetic damage index in fish erythrocytes was recorded at the highest concentration and after 45 days of treatment. The adverse effects of CuO-NPs were examined to be dose and duration dependent with increasing extent during all studied time intervals. Summarizing, exposure to sublethal concentrations of CuO-NPs is sufficient to cause alterations in ecotoxicological endpoints such as metal overload, oxidative stress and genotoxicity after chronic exposure.

Quercetin and l-Arginine Ameliorated the Deleterious Effects of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles on the Liver of Mice Through Anti-inflammatory and Anti-apoptotic Pathways

“…As indicated in the present study, sub-chronic exposure of mice to CuO NPs resulted in massive genotoxicity and DNA damage. In agreement, Aziz and Abdullah [ 68 ] discovered genetic damage in Labeo rohita erythrocytes after 15, 30, and 45 days of treatment with 70.79 mg/L and 117.99 mg/L of 32.84 nm and rod shape CuO NPs. The highest genetic damage index was exhibited by the cells at the maximum dosage and treatment duration.…”

Is the trend toward a sustainable green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles completely safe for Oreochromis niloticus when compared to chemical ones?: using oxidative stress, bioaccumulation, and histological biomarkers

“…Braz-Mota et al ( 2018 ) found that the whole bodies of dwarf cichlid ( Apistogramma ) and cardinal tetra ( Paracheirodon ) species, which had been exposed to CuO NPs for 4 days, had high levels of TBARS; and they suggested that the antioxidants were not working well. Aziz and Abdullah ( 2023 ) also showed a significant rise in the levels of TBARS in the gill tissues of Labeo rohita exposed to CuO NPs. The oxidative stress biomarker responses were dose-dependent in both the synthesized CuO NPs groups, with the highest toxic effects observed when fish were exposed to a high sublethal concentration (50 mg/L).…”

“…Nanotechnology has rapidly evolved and spread worldwide in recent years; it has several applications in medicine, agriculture, food production, and aquaculture (Rahman et al 2022 ). In addition, metal oxide NPs have garnered much attention because of their typical physicochemical features (Aziz and Abdullah 2023 ). CuO NPs, one metal oxide NPs, have been produced more due to their excellent catalytic, antibacterial, anticancer, and thermo-physical properties (Prasad et al 2016 ; Roy et al 2021 ).…”

Hematological and Hematopoietic Analysis in Fish Toxicology—A Review

“…According to Farag and Alagawany [ 33 ], nucleated erythrocytes of fish can be used to evaluate genotoxicity of xenobiotics using various assays: comet, DNA fragmentation, or micronucleus test. Erythrocytes may be also useful for evaluation of toxicity-induced apoptosis, oxidative stress, and other cellular damage measures [ 34 , 35 , 36 ].…”