Evaluation of Two Biologically Active Compounds for Control of Wheat Root Rot and its Causal Pathogens

Abstract

The main aim of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of two biologically active compounds (Strom and F-760) in control of wheat root rot disease and its causal organisms. Fusarium graminearum, F. oxysporum, F. solani and Bipolaris sorokiniana were used as target organisms. In vitro, the two compounds showed fungicidal effect on all investigated pathogens resulted in suppression of radial growth and mycelial dry weight of them. Under greenhouse conditions, treatment of wheat grains with either Strom or F-760 before cultivation significantly reduced the percent of disease distribution as well as the mean disease rating of plants in both seedling and flowering stages. Fresh and dry weights of plants as well as water maintenance capacity were increased as the result of applying these compounds as seed dressing. Also data showed that the membrane stability of plants was injured as a result of infection with all investigated organisms, while this injury was alleviated when F-760 and Strom were applied. The K + efflux and the leakage of UV-absorbing metabolites was stimulated with fungal infection. However, F-760 and Storm treatment partially retarded the stimulatory effect on leakage of K + and UV-absorbing metabolites of fungal infected plants. On the other side, the fungal infection had inhibitory effects on pigment fractions (chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoids) biosynthesis in wheat leaves. This retarding effect was partially or completely alleviated as the grains were treated with the applied compounds.

Effect of Bio-Control Agents on Yield, Yield Components and Root Rot Control in two Wheat Cultivars at New Valley Region

“…It was also observed that the percentages of damping-off in all tested fungi were higher than those of root rot. These results are in harmony with those reported by Asran andEraky (2011), Atef (2008) and Hashem and Hamada (2002 Hashem and Hamada, 2002;Nourozian et al, 2006;Soleimani et al, 2005). According to Harman (2001) natural factors limiting the number of soil borne pathogens occur through a combination of antagonism by other soil fungi and bacteria, natural release of antibiotics from other bacteria and fungi, and by competitive exclusion of habitat in the root zone or rhizosphere.…”

“…could be effectively used in suppressing diseases caused by Fusarium spp. Drechslera halodes and Rhizoctonia solani as reported by many workers (Abdel-Monaim, 2010;Hashem and Hamada, 2002;Nourozian et al, 2006;Soleimani et al, 2005). Modes of action for beneficial micro-organisms include direct parasitism removed from the soil, washed thoroughly to remove soil debris, root-rot were recorded as follows: 0 = roots without discoloration (no infection); 1= 1-20%; 2= 21-40%; 3= 41-75%; 4= 75-100% discoloration root mass and 5= completely dead plants include pre-or post emergence damping-off or old plants for each replicate.…”

“…Several fungi were recorded as causal pathogens of root-rot diseases such as Fusarium graminearum, F. equiseti, F. solani, Drechslera halodes and Rhizoctonia solani (Asran and Eraky, 2011;Atef, 2008;Hashem and Hamada, 2002). These diseases remain prevalent because of the trends toward a higher frequency of cereals in the rotation, including, commonly, continuous cereals, and the use of less or no tillage.…”

Effects of Combination of Diniconazole Fungicide with Antioxidants on Vital Ingredients of Certain Fungi

“…Several fungi were recorded as pathogens of seed and root-rot diseases on wheat such as Alternaria alternata, Fusarium spp. (F. culmorum F. graminearum, F. equiseti and F. solani) Pyrenophora tritici-repentis and Rhizoctonia solani (El-Kholy, 1999, Hashem andHamada-Afaf, 2002;Atef-Nagwa, 2008;Asran and El-Eraky-Amal, 2011;Harvey et al, 2015 andEl-Ballat, 2017).…”

EFFECT OF SOME COMMERCIAL BIO-AGENTS ON YIELD AND DAMPING-OFF DISEASE OF WHEAT LINES (Triticum aestivum vulgair L.)

“…Among seedling diseases of wheat, damping-off and/or root rot caused by several soil-borne fungi F. solani, F.oxysporium, F. graminearum, Pythiumsp. and R. solani that attack at seedling stages of crop and directly reduce plant population as well as yield of wheat (Hashem and Hamada, 2002;Abdelzaher, 2004;Atef, 2008;Ahmed et al, 2009;Asran andEraky, 2011 andMoubarak andAbdel-Monaim 2011). Control of damping-off mainly depends on fungicide treatment.…”