Evaluation of Two Culinary Plant Species for Anticholinesterase, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activity

Randhawa

Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology

et al. 2020

BackgroundAn earlier study demonstrated significant antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of hydromethanol extract (HME) of Allium cepa. The aim of the study was to investigate the component responsible for these activities followed by an in vivo study.MethodsIn vitro antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of standardized ethylacetate fraction (EAF) of HME were assessed. Bioactivity-guided fractionation showed that, as compared with its subfractions, EAF had most significant activity in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and Ellman assays. Thus, EAF was further examined using a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced model of Alzheimer’s disease in mice. STZ was injected intracerebroventricularly on days 1 and 3 (3 mg/kg) in mice. EAF was thereafter administered (42, 84, and 168 mg/kg b.w./day p.o.) from days 9 to 22. The Morris water maze test was used to evaluate learning and memory in mice. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and oxidative stress markers were assessed in the brain homogenates of mice. Additionally, histopathological studies were performed to observe effects in the brain at the cellular level. EAF was standardized based on quercetin and quercetin 4′-O-glucoside content using a validated thin layer chromatography densitometric method.ResultsSTZ produced significant (p < 0.05) memory impairment along with oxidative stress and a cholinergic deficit in mice. EAF treatment ameliorated STZ-induced behavioral deficits and biochemical alterations in mice in a significant and dose-dependent manner.ConclusionsOur results show that EAF is efficacious in improving memory and learning via AChE inhibition and antioxidant activity in the mice brain. Thus, AC could be explored further to find out a lead candidate for Alzheimer’s disease.

Allium cepafraction attenuates STZ-induced dementia via cholinesterase inhibition and amelioration of oxidative stress in mice

Randhawa

Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology

et al. 2020

Protective effect of Allium jesdianum in an Alzheimer's disease induced rat model

Kamranfar

Jaktaji

Shirani

et al. 2023

Preprint

Aims: Alzheimer is a multifactorial disease that is caused by several different etiopathogenic mechanisms. The aim of this study is to evaluate the protective effects of Allium jesdianum extract on cognitive dysfunction, mitochondrial/cellular, and genetic parameters in Streptozotocin-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) Rat Model. Main methods: A single dose of STZ (3 mg/kg, i.c.v.) was injected to male Wistar rats in order to establish a model of sporadic AD. A. jesdianum extract (100,200, 400 mg/kg/day) and donepezil (5 mg/kg/day) were administered through oral gavage as treatment for 14 days after model induction. Cognitive function (radial arm water maze test), mitochondrial toxicity parameters consisting succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, mitochondrial ROS formation, MMP decline, mitochondrial swelling and efflux of cytochrome c in various parts of the rat brain (whole brain, frontal cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum), and miR-330, miR-132, Bax and Bcl-2 genes expression in isolated rat brain neurons through RT-qPCR analysis were evaluated. Key findings: A.jesdianum extract significantly attenuated i.c.v-STZ-induced cognitive dysfunction and mitochondrial upstream toxic events. As a result of STZ injection, Bax gene was highly expressed, whereas miR-330, miR-132 and Bcl-2 gene were poorly expressed and A. jesdianumreverses the expression of the above miRNAs and genes in favor of improving AD and reducing neuronal apoptosis. Significance: A. jesdianum showed the neuroprotective capability against oxidative stress and cognitive impairment induced by STZ in rats shows its helpful therapeutic worth in AD.

Enzyme inhibitors as controllers of neurodegenerative diseases: An update of in vitro effects of medicinal plants

Aradski-Alimpić¹,

Pavlović²,

Janković³

et al. 2021

Lekovite sirovine

Considering the increase of the elderly population in recent years, the growing prevalence of age-related neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), has become one of the leading healthcare problems. Currently, available therapies for AD and PD are still limited, while medicinal plants used in traditional medicine for millennia can inhibit enzymes involved in the neurodegeneration processes in AD (acetylcholinesterase, AChE, and butyrylcholinesterase, BChE) and PD (tyrosinase, TYR), hence their inhibiting effects are continuously being investigated especially in the past decade. This study was aimed to review data on medicinal plants as potential cholinesterases and TYR inhibitors reported from January 2018 until May 2021. The literature search was performed using several online bibliographical databases (Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, Google Scholar, PubMed, and ResearchGate) and two websites. Data analysis showed that the highest number of representatives belongs to Lamiaceae family (up to 20 %), followed by Asteraceae. Almost half of the tested samples were prepared from whole plant/aerial plant parts followed by leaves. The most frequently tested preparations were methanolic extracts (about 25 % of the samples examined). Additionally, synergistic interactions between different herbs and/or isolated compounds were considered as a promising strategy for further research. The presented data showed that medicinal plants preparations represent an unlimited source for research of new and more effective AD and PD treatments. This review will provide a useful starting point for further research on this topic.