Evaluation of Two Sources of Calcium Sulfate for a Local Drug Delivery System: A Pilot Study

Abstract

Background Local drug delivery has substantial potential to prevent infections compared with systemic delivery. Although calcium sulfate (CaSO 4 ) has been studied for local drug delivery and two types are commercially available, it is unknown whether they differentially release antibiotics. Questions/purposes We determined the differences between two sources of CaSO 4 and the K 2 SO 4 catalyst's presence on the degradation, daptomycin elution, and activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Methods We formed pellets from synthetic and naturally sourced (from gypsum) CaSO 4 and loaded with 5% daptomycin and 3% or 0% K 2 SO 4 . We used in vitro experiments to determine the daptomycin concentration and degradation profiles over 10 days. Turbidity assays were used to evaluate the activity of the daptomycin eluates against S. aureus.

Local Release of Antibiotics for Surgical Site Infection Management Using High-Purity Calcium Sulfate: An In Vitro Elution Study

“…Literature reports a large variation in the in vitro experimental methods used to determine antibiotic elution. Methods differ in the quantity of material tested, the nature by which the sample is presented to the solution (single small beads [20,42,43] and larger cast cylinders [40,41]), the volume and nature of the solution into which the sample is immersed, the volume removed for analysis, and the eluent sampling intervals. It is difficult to correlate in vitro with in vivo conditions.…”

Dissolvable Antibiotic Beads in Treatment of Periprosthetic Joint Infection and Revision Arthroplasty - The Use of Synthetic Pure Calcium Sulfate (Stimulan®) Impregnated with Vancomycin & Tobramycin

“…Despite arduous attempts to derive pure Calcium Sulfate products, however, impurities still exist. 22,35 Additionally, the chemicals used to wash the gypsum product still remain within the Calcium Sulfate. The result is that the product, once delivered into the human body, is non-physiologic and potentially inflammatory when exposed to the synovial fluid environment.…”

ARGET ATRP of acrylonitrile with ionic liquid as reaction medium and FeBr3/isophthalic acid as catalyst system

“…CS‐based materials also do not posses any inherent antimicrobial properties and require the same repeated debridement/irrigation procedures as traditional grafts 3, 17. Antibiotics and osteogenic molecules can be added to CS to create a material that is antibacterial, osteoinductive, and osteoconductive 11, 16, 27. In the current study, a moldable, biocompatible, and biodegradable bone filler material was created that could be loaded with different bioactive agents.…”

“…These materials are often created by the addition of a plasticizing agent that can make the composite injectable or moldable 15, 26. Antibiotics or growth factors are often included in these composite bone fillers to increase the therapeutic effects by fighting infections or actively promoting the growth of bone 27, 29–32. The ability to load both antibiotics and osteogenic molecules into the same moldable grafting material is not commonly done and creates a bone grafting substitute that has larger therapeutic applications.…”