Evaluation Of Using Different Adjuvants Used For Preparation Of Staphylococcus Aureus Mastitis Vaccine On The Immune Response

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was the most prevalent bacteria recorded from clinical and subclinical mastitis. The main objective of the present work is to prepare and evaluate the effectiveness of locally prepared inactivated S. aureus vaccine using different adjuvants Montanide ISA-206, Montanide ISA-70 and alum hydroxide gel for detection of cellular and humeral immune responses. Seventy dairy heifers in the last trimester of gestation divided into (5) groups. Twenty pregnant cows in three groups (G1, G2, and G3) were inoculated intramuscularly with the prepared vaccines four weeks prior to calving then a booster dose at two weeks pre-expected calving. The animals in remaining groups (G4 and G5) were considered as control and safety test respectively. Serum samples from vaccinated and non-vaccinated cows were collected at the 1st and 2nd immunization then at 0, 1, 2, 3 months and (7, 10, 14) days post calving and vaccination and evaluated immunologically using ELISA and Lymphocyte transformation assay, respectively. The results revealed that a progressive increase of immune response in the vaccinated groups (G1 and G2) than that of the third and control groups. These results could be indicated the safety and effectiveness of the Montanide ISA-206, ISA-70 vaccines than alum adjuvant vaccine that reduce the incidence and severity of clinical cases of mastitis. Hence, further studies should be done to elucidate the possibility of field application.

Advances in Controlling Bacterial Mastitis in Dairy Cows

“…At the turn of the century; the National Mastitis Council (NMC) expanded the "Five-point plan" toward "Ten-point plan" with 73 sub-points. The "ten points are": (1)…”

“…Ghobrial et al [64] investigated the efficacy of vaccines and antibiotics in controlling S. aureus mastitis in Egyptian dairy cattle and discovered that a combination of S. aureus bacterin (Lysigin) and an extended antibiotic (Marbocyl 10%) was effective in eliminating 53.8 % of BM caused by S. aureus. Also, Kotb et al (2021) [1] developed and analyzed locally manufactured inactivated S. aureus vaccines using several adjuvants "Montanide ISA-206", "Montanide ISA-70", and "alum hydroxide" gel. The Montanide ISA-206 and ISA-70 vaccines were found to be safer and more efficient than the alum adjuvant vaccine, stimulating the humeral immune response in vaccinated heifers, resulting in a high level of serum antibodies which result in reducing the incidence and severity of clinical cases of mastitis.…”

“…The most frequent and economically significant infectious disease of dairy farms in the world is bovine mastitis (BM), it increases treatment, labor, and culling costs, resulting in significant financial losses [1]. Worldwide, there are an estimated 1.489 million cows, with more than 40% of them suffering from various types of mastitis [2].…”