Evaluation of vaccine-induced antibody responses: Impact of new technologies

Zaccaro, Daniel; Wagener, Diane K.; Whisnant, Carol C.; Staats, Herman F.

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.03.065

Cited by 22 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…7,8,12,23 Especially for pre-vaccination HAI titers, several authors have noted that pre-existing titers significantly affect response to vaccines. 30 In the current study, we have shown that higher pre-vaccination titers are significantly associated with higher post-vaccination titers (tables 4,5). In contrast, Sasaki et al have shown an inverse relationship between status of previous vaccination and/or higher baseline antibody level with lower immune responses.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Immune response to influenza vaccination in children with cancer

Doganis

Kafasi

Dana

et al. 2018

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of influenza immunization to evoke a protective immune response among children with cancer. We evaluated 75 children with cancer who received influenza vaccination. Hemagglutination Inhibition Antibody titers were determined before and after vaccination. The protective rates after vaccination were 79% for H1N1, 75% for H3N2 and 59% for influenza B virus whereas the seroconversion rates were 54%, 44% and 43% respectively. The differences pre- and post-vaccination were significant regardless the method which was used: seroprotection changes, seroconversion and geometric mean titers analyses. Variables such as the pre-vaccination antibody titers, the time when the responses were measured after the vaccination, the age and the type of malignancy as well as the absolute lymphocyte count were found to be correlated with the immune response but the findings were different for each vaccine subunit. In conclusion, influenza vaccination provides protection in a remarkable proportion of pediatric cancer patients whereas this protection is more obvious against H1N1 and H3N2 compared to influenza B. The immune response after vaccination is significant and seems to be influenced by a variety of factors.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Immune response to influenza vaccination in children with cancer

Doganis

Kafasi

Dana

et al. 2018

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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“…To parse the heterogeneity of the quantitative anti-3S response, compared with immune responses against the carrier (anti-CRM197 Abs, Supplementary Fig. 1a), we performed a post-hoc analysis considering the stratification of vaccinated patients into high, low, and non-responders, previously used for the evaluation of other vaccines, 23 according to their anti-3S Ab fold-increase (≥10, >4, and ≤4, respectively) between baseline and week 48. Overall 27.8% were high responders, 22.2% low responders, and 50.0% non-responders (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV therapeutic vaccine enhances non-exhausted CD4+ T cells in a randomised phase 2 trial

et al. 2019

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VAC-3S is a therapeutic vaccine comprising a highly conserved HIV-gp41 motif coupled with the CRM197 carrier protein. High levels of anti-3S antibodies (Abs) have been associated with improved protection of CD4 + T-cell survival. A previous phase 1 study demonstrated the safety of VAC-3S. This multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 clinical trial enroled between January 2014 and March 2015 HIV-1-infected patients under ART with plasma HIV RNA levels below 50 copies/mL and CD4 counts between 200 and 500 cells/μL. Participants were immunised with 16, 32, or 64 μg of VAC-3S, and compared to placebo. The primary outcome was immunogenicity assessed by changes from baseline of anti-3S Abs levels at week 12. Secondary outcomes included adverse events and the course of plasma HIV RNA level, CD4 count, CD4/CD8 ratio, inflammation and immune checkpoints from week 0 to week 48. Vaccination was well tolerated with no serious adverse events and induced a significant increase in anti-3S Ab response in vaccinated patients ( p < 0.0001), compared to placebo. In high responders, the robust increased of CD4 count was associated with a significant and sustained reduction of PD-1 expression on CD4 + T cells through week 48 (variance p = 0.0017). PD-1 expression was correlated with level of anti-3S Abs ( p = 0.0092, r = −0.68) and expression of NKp44L ( p < 0.0001; r = 0.54) in CD4 + T cells. Our findings regarding the increase of non-exhausted CD4 + T cells have potentially important application in personalised HIV vaccination for HIV-infected patients with high level of PD-1 to improve their T-cell immune function.

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“…Modifications could be implemented down to the atomic level to increase both immunogenicity and protective effects as has been illustrated for ST5 where a ketone was replaced by a hydroxyl group to improve stability while maintaining immunogenicity and antigenicity. One dominant criterium used to assess an adequate vaccination response in adults is a two-to fourfold change in specific antibody levels after vaccination as measured by ELISA (36,37). The semisynthetic pentavalent conjugated vaccine sPCV5 reached this standard for all serotypes except ST14 CPS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving vaccines against Streptococcus pneumoniae using synthetic glycans

Kapłonek

Khan

Reppe

et al. 2018

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Streptococcus pneumoniae remains a deadly disease in small children and the elderly even though conjugate and polysaccharide vaccines based on isolated capsular polysaccharides (CPS) are successful. The most common serotypes that cause infection are used in vaccines around the world, but differences in geographic and demographic serotype distribution compromises protection by leading vaccines. The medicinal chemistry approach to glycoconjugate vaccine development has helped to improve the stability and immunogenicity of synthetic vaccine candidates for several serotypes leading to the induction of higher levels of specific protective antibodies. Here, we show that marketed CPS-based glycoconjugate vaccines can be improved by adding synthetic glycoconjugates representing serotypes that are not covered by existing vaccines. Combination (coformulation) of synthetic glycoconjugates with the licensed vaccines Prevnar13 (13-valent) and Synflorix (10-valent) yields improved 15-and 13-valent conjugate vaccines, respectively, in rabbits. A pentavalent semisynthetic glycoconjugate vaccine containing five serotype antigens (sPCV5) elicits antibodies with strong in vitro opsonophagocytic activity. This study illustrates that synthetic oligosaccharides can be used in coformulation with both isolated polysaccharide glycoconjugates to expand protection from existing vaccines and each other to produce precisely defined multivalent conjugated vaccines. synthetic glycans | vaccine | Streptococcus pneumoniae C apsular polysaccharides (CPS) surround many deadly human pathogens. Polysaccharide-conjugated vaccines, based on isolated CPS antigens attached to carrier proteins, protect young children and the elderly from deadly bacterial pathogens including Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), Neisseria meningitides, and the encapsulated gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae. S. pneumoniae is the leading cause of life-endangering diseases such as pneumonia, septicemia, and meningitis (1), and a major cause of death in children under five in developing countries (2-4). More than 90 S. pneumoniae serotypes can be distinguished based on their CPS (5, 6). Currently available CPS-based pneumococcal vaccines contain the serotypes most frequently associated with invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPDs). Although the licensed 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine (Pneumovax 23) is not effective in younger children (3, 7), the conjugate vaccines Prevnar13 and Synflorix cover 13 and 10 serotypes, respectively, and are highly successful in all age groups (8). Nevertheless, serotype replacement due to vaccination and regional differences in dominant serotypes necessitate the expansion of existing vaccines to include additional serotypes. An additional weak point is that some serotype antigens, such as ST5 and ST1, that are present in existing vaccines undergo undesired chemical modification during production (9, 10); others have limited immunogenicity and lead to protective levels well below those required for herd immunity, such as SP3 (6).The p...

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Evaluation of vaccine-induced antibody responses: Impact of new technologies

Cited by 22 publications

References 17 publications

Immune response to influenza vaccination in children with cancer

Immune response to influenza vaccination in children with cancer

HIV therapeutic vaccine enhances non-exhausted CD4+ T cells in a randomised phase 2 trial

Improving vaccines against Streptococcus pneumoniae using synthetic glycans

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