Evaluation of variability in <i>Striga aspera</i>, <i>Striga hermonthica</i> and their hybrids using morphological characters and random amplified polymorphic DNA markers

Aigbokhan, Emmanuel Izaka; Berner, D. K.; Musselman, Lytton J.; Mignouna, H.D.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-3180.2000.00198.x

Cited by 14 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The broader genetic background of S. hermonthica may enable the species to parasitize a number of cereal crops under different climatic conditions. Striga hermonthica and Striga aspera were among the few species proven to hybridize and produce viable seeds (Aigbokhan et al 2000). This genetic exchange with nonweedy Striga species could provide a gene reservoir via hybridization.…”

Section: Management Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Striga hermonthica is an obligate outbreeder (Safa et al 1984), and its hybridization with Striga aspera has caused some taxonomic confusion (Aigbokhan et al 2000). Allozyme electrophoresis of nine loci in two populations of S. hermonthica (pearl millet-adapted and sorghumadapted populations) collected from Burkina Faso and one sorghum-adapted population from Sudan revealed high heterozygosity within each population (H ¼ 0:261À0:365; Bharathalakshmi et al 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic Diversity ofStriga hermonthicaPopulations in Ethiopia: Evaluating the Role of Geography and Host Specificity in Shaping Population Structure

Welsh

Mohamed

2011

International Journal of Plant Sciences

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Striga hermonthica, a root hemiparasitic Orobanchaceae, severely constrains grain production in subSaharan Africa. Host specificity and geography may play important roles in shaping the population structure of S. hermonthica, with the Rift Valley potentially presenting a significant barrier to dispersal. Genetic diversity was assessed in 12 S. hermonthica populations from locations in Ethiopia. Of these, seven populations were parasitic on sorghum, two each on tef and maize, and one on finger millet. Genetic variation was detected using four amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) primer combinations. After correcting for repeatability, 385 fragments were detected across all primer combinations. The percentage of polymorphic loci was relatively high, ranging from 53.2% to 76.4%. Expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.168 to 0.279. Genetic differentiation between populations was relatively high, and all populations were significantly different from each other. F ST values ranged from 0.032 to 0.293 and averaged 0.146. Genetic differences between populations could not be attributed to host specificity. Instead, geography was the main determinant of population structure. There was a correlation between geographic and genetic distance. A significant portion of the genetic variance could be apportioned on either side of the Rift Valley (5%; P ¼ 0:001). Also, a significant geographic barrier was identified in the southern portion of the sampled region.

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Section: Management Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Diversity ofStriga hermonthicaPopulations in Ethiopia: Evaluating the Role of Geography and Host Specificity in Shaping Population Structure

Welsh

Mohamed

2011

International Journal of Plant Sciences

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“…Benth., a parasite of wild grasses. Both are obligate outcrossers, they can hybridise and exist in sympatry, but are genetically distinct (Aigbokhan et al. , 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low genetic variability of Striga gesnerioides populations parasitic on cowpea might be explained by a recent origin

Dubé

Belzile

2010

Weed Research

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Dube M‐P & Belzile FJ (2010). Low genetic variability of Striga gesnerioides populations parasitic on cowpea might be explained by a recent origin. Weed Research50, 493–502. Summary Striga gesnerioides is an obligate root hemiparasitic plant that causes considerable yield losses to cowpea, an important crop legume of Sub‐Saharan Africa. The use of resistant cultivars is the easiest and most effective method to control the parasite. Several cowpea cultivars exhibiting resistance have been identified during the last decades. However, most resistant cultivars show a differential response when grown in different countries across West Africa, suggesting that there are different races of S. gesnerioides. In this study, we investigated the genetic variability within and between 43 populations of five of the previously recognised races of the parasite present in West Africa. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers were used on up to 10 individuals from each population. These markers showed almost no genetic variability within populations. The variability between the populations was also extremely low and did not allow discrimination of the five races. There was a certain geographical structure, but no ‘racial’ clustering could be seen. Even AFLP markers previously reported to be race‐specific on another set of Striga populations proved unable to discriminate between races in this collection of populations. Possible causes of the low level of genetic variability include the hypothesis that this strain has only quite recently arisen. Such a low level of variability and the absence of specific markers for the virulence will have consequences on the evolution of the parasite and on the development of adequate control methods.

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“…The morphological data that was measured (in mm) were: keel diameter, leaf width, width of three fused corolla, length of: bract, calyx, calyx teeth, corolla lobe, flower, leaf, lower corolla tube, ovary, pistil and upper corolla tube [2].…”

Section: Evaluation Of the Variability In S Aspera S Hermonthica Amentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S. hermonthica, S. apara and S. gesneriodes are allogamous; that is they observe cross pollination and usually rely on vectors such as bees and other agents of pollination for pollen transfer. S. asiatica on the other hand is autogamous; that is, it observes self pollination and so, no vectors are needed for pollination instead pollens are picked by the elongation of style and fertilization takes place [7][1] [2]. Striga aspara is an out-crosser and frequently hybridizes with Striga hermonthica.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributional Range, Population Variability and Ecology ofStriga aspera inKogi State, Nigeria

Emmanuel

2020

Preprint

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Hemiparasitic Striga (Orobanchaceae) commonly called witchweed is native to tropical Africa. Striga aspera parasitizes wild grasses and its distribution range in Nigeria extends from the Sudan savanna to Guinea Savanna to the southern limit of the Derived savanna just before the forest belt is reached. This study aims to identify and delineate the incidence and distribution range and infestation patterns of Striga aspera within the different floristic areas within in Kogi State (Southern Guinea Savanna) and to establish if vegetation type and edaphic have potential influences on Striga presence. To determine the distribution range and potential hosts of Striga aspera, several opportunistic road reconnaissance surveys were conducted traversing six major towns in Kogi State (Kabba, Okene, Lokoja, Idah, Ayingba and Igala-mela) from July to September, 2015. Identified Striga infested sites were georeferenced and subjected to further vegetation analysis obtained from randomly placed 0.5 m x 0.5 m quadrats in triplicates and compared with adjoining uninfected control sites. Data for the following attributes were collected: density, relative frequency, relative density and summed dominance ratio. To isolate and determine potential Striga host, an inventory of common companion plants at infested sites were taken and screened for presence of haustorium. Edaphic soils properties were determined using standard laboratory protocols. Degree of phenotypic variability within and among the different Striga populations were determine using 14 morphological characters obtained from 10 randomly selected witchweed plants at each infested sites and evaluated using Principal Component Analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. Nine sites: Idaku, Alokoina (1 and 2), Ala, Adogo (1 and 2), Ichekene, Indori and Old-Egume Road) were found to be Striga infested and all were confined to the low open woodland Southern Guinea savanna (SGS) vegetation dominated by Daniellia/Prosopis complex. The common S. aspera host was found to be Digitaria sp. Other companion species common at infested sites were: Sida acuta, Centrosema pubesence, Mariscus flabelliformis, Chloris pilosa, Pennisetum pedicellatum and Synderella nodiflora. Soil chemical profile reveals that S. aspera infestation as commonly occurs in areas acidic soils of pH ranging from 5.3 to 5.7. The Cluster analysis clearly show the similarity among S. aspera identified while the PCA clearly segregated the different locations where S. aspera was found. Findings in this study suggest that not all areas in the Derived savanna in Kogi State despite similar climatic and edaphic conditions support Striga infestation which showed a clustered distribution pattern. This strongly support the hypothesis that vegetation types operating at the microenvironment level may exert influences in witchweed infestation patterns.

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Evaluation of variability in Striga aspera, Striga hermonthica and their hybrids using morphological characters and random amplified polymorphic DNA markers

Cited by 14 publications

References 15 publications

Genetic Diversity ofStriga hermonthicaPopulations in Ethiopia: Evaluating the Role of Geography and Host Specificity in Shaping Population Structure

Genetic Diversity ofStriga hermonthicaPopulations in Ethiopia: Evaluating the Role of Geography and Host Specificity in Shaping Population Structure

Low genetic variability of Striga gesnerioides populations parasitic on cowpea might be explained by a recent origin

Distributional Range, Population Variability and Ecology ofStriga aspera inKogi State, Nigeria

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