Evaluation of variation in Triticum dicoccum for wheat improvement in stress environments

Damania, A. B.; Hakim, S.; Moualla, M.

doi:10.1111/j.1601-5223.1992.tb00817.x

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Archaeobotanical evidence from early farming settlements tend to demonstrate that emmer wheat was introduced into Egypt directly from the Near-East (Wetterstrom 1993). Emmer wheat was introduced into the Ethiopian highlands some 5,000 years ago through northern Sudan or southern Egypt (Helbaek 1970;Feldman 1979;Damania et al 1992). In Yemen, emmer wheat is present in the archaeological sites of Al-Raqlah and Al-Masannah (end of the 3rd millennium) (Mehra 2003).…”

Section: Diffusion Of the Cropmentioning

confidence: 98%

Cultivated emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccon Schrank), an old crop with promising future: a review

Zaharieva

Ayana

Hakimi

et al. 2010

Genet Resour Crop Evol

151

104

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Cultivated emmer wheat, Triticum dicoccon Schrank, a tetraploid species with hulled grain, has been largely cultivated during seven millennia in the Middle-East, Central and West Asia, and Europe. It has been largely replaced by hulless species and is now a minor crop, with the exception of some countries like India, Ethiopia and Yemen, where its grain is used for preparing traditional foods. Nutritional qualities and specific taste and flavor of emmer wheat products have led to a recent development of the cultivation in some European countries. Emmer wheat also possesses valuable traits of resistance to pests and diseases and tolerance to abiotic stresses and is increasingly used as a reservoir of useful genes in wheat breeding. In the present article, a review concerning taxonomy, diversity and history of cultivation of emmer wheat is reported. Grain characteristics and valuable agronomic traits are described. Some successful examples of emmer wheat utilization for the development of durum or bread wheat cultivars are examined, and the perspectives in using emmer wheat as health food and for the development of new breeding germplasm are discussed.

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Section: Diffusion Of the Cropmentioning

confidence: 98%

Cultivated emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccon Schrank), an old crop with promising future: a review

Zaharieva

Ayana

Hakimi

et al. 2010

Genet Resour Crop Evol

151

104

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“…It is one of the first cereals ever domesticated and belongs to the oldest crops of the world (Damania et al 1992;Nesbitt and Samuel 1996;Hammer et al 2004). It is originated in the mountains of the Fertile Crescent: in Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Syria, Israel and Palestine, where its wild progenitor (T. dicoccoides Koern.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…This wide polymorphism can be used to transfer new quality genes to bread and durum wheats, and to widen its genetic basis. Emmer wheat is thought to be the base population from which the founder genotypes of durum wheat populations were derived, and thus it represents a genetic resource for durum wheat cultivars, providing good genes for resistance to biotic and abiotic stress (Corazza et al 1986;Damania et al 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple sequence repeats marker polymorphism in emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccon Schrank): Analysis of genetic diversity and differentiation

Teklu

Hammer

Röder

2006

Genet Resour Crop Evol

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Genetic diversity was investigated in 73 accessions of emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccon Schrank) from 11 geographical regions using a set of 29 simple-sequence repeat (SSR or microsatellite) markers, representing at least two markers for each chromosome. The SSR primers amplified a total of 357 different alleles with an average of 12.31 alleles per locus. The number of fragments detected by each primer ranged between 6 (Xgwm1066) and 21 (Xgwm268). Null alleles were detected in nine of the 29 primers used. A high level of gene diversity index was observed. Across the 29 primers, gene diversity ranged from 0.60 (Xgwm46) to 0.94 (Xgwm655), with a mean of 0.82. There was a highly significant correlation (r = 0.882; p < 0.01) between gene diversity index and the number of loci, showing the number of loci per se is a strong indicator of diversity. Analysis of genetic diversity within and among eleven geographical regions revealed most of the genetic diversity of the total sample resided within regions. The coefficient of gene differentiation (Gst = 0.27) showed that the genetic variation within and among the 11 geographical regions was 73 and 27%, respectively. High value of mean number of alleles per locus was found in Iran (4.86) followed by Morocco (4.10) and Armenia (4.03). On the contrary, lower mean number of alleles per locus was detected in Yemen (2.83). The average gene diversity index across regions ranged from 0.52 (Slovakia) to 0.67 (Morocco) with an average of 0.60. Multivariate techniques of principal component analysis and clustering were employed to examine genetic relationship among the 73 emmer wheat accessions vis-a`-vis geographical regions of collections. The genetic distance coefficients for all possible 55 pairs of regional comparisons ranged from 0.63 (between Iran and Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan, Georgia and Slovakia) to 0.97 (between Morocco and Yemen, Spain and Georgia, and Turkey and Iran) with a mean of 0.82. From the PCA results, a two dimensional plot of PC1 versus PC2 was constructed. The scatter plot of the first two principal components which explained altogether 27% of the total variation depicted the presence of a clear pattern of geographical differentiation except in few cases like accessions from Caucasian region. Similar pattern of genetic relationships among accessions was observed in cluster analysis. The study provided genetic information of emmer wheat in relation to geographical regions of origin. The information could be utilized in crop improvement, germplasm conservation programs, and in further investigation.

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“…The improvement of durum wheat is based on the use of the genetic variability of the local collections (Blixt, 1988;Damania, 1992). These genetic resources contain several important agronomic and resistance genes (Grausgruber et al, 2005;Yahyaoui et al, 2006;Hysing et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic diversity of Tunisian durum wheat landraces

Ayed¹,

Karmous²,

Trifa³

et al. 2010

African Crop Science Journal

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Tunisia is considered as a diversification centre of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) and barely (Hordeum vulgare). It is characterised by large genetic diversity; however, several genotypes are in the process of disappearance. The safeguard and rehabilitatation of this genetic inheritance requires genetic characterisation, evaluation and in-situ and ex-situ conservation. In this context, a local collection of thirty durum wheat accessions was evaluated using agronomical traits. Three other phenological traits: days to maturity, days to heading and filling period were evaluated. The phenotypic diversity was determined by the Shannon-Weaver diversity Index (H') revealing that number of kernel/spike (H'=0.91), yield (H'=0.89), plant height (H'=0.87) and thousand kernel weight (H'=0.86) had the highest diversity index. Flag leaf area (H'=0.32) showed the weakest index. This germplasm presented average diversity (0.77) showing a large genetic variability. Correlations between traits showed a significant positive relation between yield and spikeless tillers/plant (0.90), thousand kernel weight (0.39), plant height (0.35) and flag leaf area (0.36), suggesting the usefulness of these parameter for selecting for improving grain yield. The components analysis explained 59.61% of total variability and led to identification of a group of accessions Jeneh kotifa 1, Jeneh kotifa 2, Jeneh kotifa 3, Sbei glabre, Hamira 1, Hamira 2, Biskri glabre, Mahmoudi, Biskri glabre AP2, Swabaa Elgia, Sbei, and Mahmoudi glabre showing the best agronomical characteristics. These genotypes can, therefore, be used as parents for the improvement of durum wheat.

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Evaluation of variation in Triticum dicoccum for wheat improvement in stress environments

Cited by 21 publications

References 3 publications

Cultivated emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccon Schrank), an old crop with promising future: a review

Cultivated emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccon Schrank), an old crop with promising future: a review

Simple sequence repeats marker polymorphism in emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccon Schrank): Analysis of genetic diversity and differentiation

Phenotypic diversity of Tunisian durum wheat landraces

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