The clinical utility
of rapamycin (Rapa) is limited by solubility,
bioavailability, and side effects. To overcome this, our team recently
reported an elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) nanoparticle with high
affinity, noncovalent drug binding, and integrin-mediated cellular
uptake. Given the scarcity of pharmacology/toxicology studies of ELP-based
drug carriers, this article explores safety and efficacy of ELP-Rapa.
ELP-Rapa nanoparticles tested negative for hemolysis, did not interfere
in plasma coagulation nor in platelet function, and did not activate
the complement. Upon incubation with HepG2 cells, ELP-Rapa revealed
significant cellular uptake and trafficking to acidic organelles,
consistent with lysosomes. Internalized ELP-Rapa nanoparticles increased
oxidative stress 4-fold compared to free drug or free ELP controls.
However, mice bearing orthotopic hormone receptor positive BT-474
breast tumors, given a high dose (∼10-fold above therapeutic
dose) of 1 month administration of ELP-Rapa, did not induce hepatotoxicity.
On the other hand, tumor growth and mTOR signaling were suppressed
without affecting body weight. Nanoparticles assembled using ELP technology
appear to be a safe and efficient strategy for delivering Rapa.