Evaluation of Vitamin D Levels Among HIV-Infected Patients in New York City

Kim, Jong Hun; Gandhi, Vani; Psevdos, George; Espinoza, F P; Park, Joyce; Sharp, Victoria

doi:10.1089/aid.2011.0040

Cited by 50 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In subjects on HAART, a small but significant increase in percentage of CD4 + T cells, a small decrease in viral load, and a significant decrease in the percentage of activated cytotoxic T cells (CD8 + /CD38 + /HLA-DR + ) were observed, and these results suggest a possible favorable impact on HIV status. This finding supports other studies in which vitD status was associated with higher CD4 + cell counts or reduction in RNA viral load [3,5,6,9,10]. However, this may reflect improved adherence to HAART regimen because we did not detect an improvement in CD4% or virologic control in the small number of subjects who were not on HAART.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Safety and Efficacy of High-Dose Daily Vitamin D3 Supplementation in Children and Young Adults Infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Dougherty

Schall

Zemel

et al. 2014

Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society

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Background. Suboptimal vitamin D (vitD) status is common in children and young adults infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The vitD supplemental dose needed to normalize vitD status in this population is unknown. Methods. In this double-blind trial, subjects infected with HIV ages 8.3 to 24.9 years were randomized to vitD 3 supplementation of 4000 IU/day or 7000 IU/day and evaluated at 6 and 12 week for changes in vitD status and HIV indicators. A dose was considered unsafe if serum calcium was elevated (above age and sex-specific range) associated with elevated serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D); >160 ng/mL). Results. At baseline, 95% of subjects (n = 44; 43% with perinatally acquired HIV, 57% with behaviorally acquired HIV) had a suboptimal serum 25(OH)D concentration of <32 ng/mL (mean ± standard deviation, 19.3 ± 7.4; range, 4.4-33.6 ng/mL). After 12 weeks (main outcome) of D 3 supplementation, both D 3 doses were safe and well tolerated, with no evidence of elevation of serum calcium concentrations or deterioration in HIV immunologic or virologic status. Sufficient vitD status, defined as serum 25(OH)D 32 ng/mL, was achieved in 81% of all subjects, and only the 7000 IU/day group (86%) achieved this a priori efficacy criterion in >80% of subjects. Change in serum 25(OH)D did not differ between HIV acquisition groups. Conclusions. A 7000 IU/day D 3 supplementation was safe and effective in children and young adults infected with HIV.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Safety and Efficacy of High-Dose Daily Vitamin D3 Supplementation in Children and Young Adults Infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Dougherty

Schall

Zemel

et al. 2014

Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society

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“…Accordingly, a number of studies have revealed higher rates of vitamin D deficiency among HIV-positive people. [7][8][9] In recent studies, low levels of vitamin D were related to disease progression of HIV/AIDS and its complications. 10,11 The causes of this deficiency are not known but might include a defect in renal 1a-hydroxylation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 mediated by proinflammatory cytokines 12 or by the intake of antiretroviral drugs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels and C-Reactive Protein in Persons with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Poudel‐Tandukar

Poudel

Jimba

et al. 2013

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has frequently been associated with vitamin D deficiency as well as chronic inflammatory response. We tested the hypothesis of an independent relationship between serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) in a cohort of HIV-positive people. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 316 HIV-positive people (181 men and 135 women) aged 16 to 60 years residing in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. Serum high-sensitivity CRP concentrations and serum 25(OH)D levels were measured by the latex agglutination nephelometry method and the competitive protein-binding assay, respectively. The relationship between serum CRP concentrations and 25(OH)D serum level was assessed using multiple logistic regression analysis with adjustment of potential cardiovascular and HIV-related factors. The proportions of participants with 25(OH)D serum levels < 20 ng/ml, 20-30 ng/ml, and ‡ 30 ng/ml were 83.2%, 15.5%, and 1.3%, respectively. The mean 25(OH)D serum levels in men and women were 15.3 ng/ml and 14.4 ng/ml, respectively. Participants with a 25(OH)D serum level of < 20 ng/ml had a 3.2-fold higher odds of high CRP ( > 3 mg/liter) compared to those with a 25(OH)D serum level of ‡ 20 ng/ml ( p = 0.005). Men and women with a 25(OH)D serum level of < 20 ng/ml had 3.2-and 2.7-fold higher odds of high CRP ( > 3 mg/liter), respectively, compared to those with a 25(OH)D serum level of ‡ 20 ng/ml. The relationships remained significant only in men ( p = 0.02) but not in women ( p = 0.28). The risk of having a high level of inflammation (CRP > 3 mg/liter) may be high among HIV-positive men and women with a 25(OH)D serum level of < 20 ng/ml.

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“…Of the remaining (43 papers), 30 articles reported original data with the pre-specified 25OHD cut-off values and were included in the review (Table 1). 6,[8][9][10]60 One study describing the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in a subgroup of 21 patients with hypocalcemia and ten articles reporting 25OHD status with different cut-off levels were considered only to retrieve information about predictors of vitamin D status, 7,[48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57] and two duplicate publications were reviewed for additional data not presented in the original study. 42,58,59 Studies' characteristics…”

Section: Literature Searchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…27,31,41 Considering other HIV-related risk factors, patchy correlations were found between HIV viral load, duration of ART, duration of HIV, plasma neopterin, or soluble tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptor I and vitamin D deficiency. 6,8,9,23,25,28,37,52,54,57 Adverse health outcomes related to vitamin D deficiency in HIV-infected patients Very few studies investigated the detrimental effects of vitamin D deficiency on health outcomes other than bone diseases in HIV+. They were primarily cross-sectional correlation analyses, and it was therefore not possible to establish a cause-effect relationship.…”

Section: Vitamin D Deficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 In this context, several cross-sectional and prospective studies have shown a high prevalence of vitamin D abnormalities in HIV+ subjects. [6][7][8][9][10] The high frequency of vitamin D deficiency in this population has raised great interest, not only because of the potential implications for bone health, but also because of the detrimental effects of vitamin D deficiency on multiple health outcomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vitamin D deficiency in HIV-infected patients: a systematic review

Giusti¹,

Penco²,

Pioli³

2011

NDS

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Advances in the diagnosis and management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have resulted in a dramatic decrease in mortality in HIV-infected individuals (HIV+). The subsequent increase in life expectancy of HIV+ has led to the need to consider the long-term complications of the disease and its treatment. Abnormalities in vitamin D status and metabolism are increasingly recognized as a major concern in HIV infection. In the last 5 years a number of cross-sectional and prospective studies have suggested a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in HIV+. Although few case-control studies have been published, it has been suggested that the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in HIV+ is higher than in the general population, and at least in part, is related to the course of the disease and/or the antiretroviral drugs used to treat the disease. An adequate vitamin D status is important not only for bone tissue, but also for the global health status of HIV+ individuals, since a growing body of evidence has demonstrated the detrimental effects of vitamin D deficiency on multiple health outcomes. Therefore, definition of the size of the problem and identification of effective protocols for the prevention and management of vitamin D deficiency in HIV+ patients represent important steps in improving health status and reducing long-term chronic complications in individuals with HIV. Due to its immunomodulatory effects, vitamin D may also have implications in the progression of HIV infection. This systematic review was designed to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in HIV+ patients; to identify risk factors (related to the HIV infection or not) potentially associated with this condition; to describe the potential consequences of hypovitaminosis D on the course of the infection and the benefits of vitamin D repletion; and to make some suggestions about the future, considering the limitations of previous studies.

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Evaluation of Vitamin D Levels Among HIV-Infected Patients in New York City

Cited by 50 publications

References 28 publications

Safety and Efficacy of High-Dose Daily Vitamin D3 Supplementation in Children and Young Adults Infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Safety and Efficacy of High-Dose Daily Vitamin D3 Supplementation in Children and Young Adults Infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels and C-Reactive Protein in Persons with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Vitamin D deficiency in HIV-infected patients: a systematic review

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