Evaluation of Warm‐Core Structure in Reanalysis and Satellite Data Sets Using HS3 Dropsonde Observations: A Case Study of Hurricane Edouard (2014)

Si, Gangyan; Wang, Delong; Hong, Hyungki; Wu, Naigeng; Li, Tim

doi:10.1029/2017jd028263

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Schenkel and Hart () showed that some of the reanalysis uses vortex relocation, which in turn responsible for the simulation of the nonphysical life cycle. In contrast, Gao et al () indicated that a vortex relocation/bogusing, assimilation of TC observation data, and model parameterizations are essential to adequately represent warm cores in terms of strength and three‐dimensional structure. Both of these studies indicated the requirements of more observations around the TC core.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Appraisal of Data Assimilation Techniques for Dynamical Downscaling of the Structure and Intensity of Tropical Cyclones

Malakar

Kesarkar

Bhate

et al. 2020

Earth and Space Science

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The dynamical downscaling technique is used for the understanding of physical mechanisms associated with the atmospheric phenomena. We have developed high‐resolution analysis (6 km) for three tropical cyclones (TCs), namely, Phailin (2013), Nilofar (2014), and Chapala (2015) originated over the North Indian Ocean using the dynamical downscaling approach. The study aimed at the identification of appropriate methodology for generating analysis so that it becomes useful for identifying the role of environmental and internal dynamics on intensification processes and structural changes of TCs. The simulations using Weather Research and Forecasting model and four‐dimensional variational (4DVAR), hybrid three‐dimensional ensemble‐variational (3DEnVAR), and a hybrid four‐dimensional ensemble‐variational (4DEnVAR) data assimilation (DA) techniques are compared. The impact of DA is quantified by comparing errors in position, minimum sea level pressure, and maximum wind speed with the best track data set of India Meteorological Department. The intensities of TCs simulated by three downscaling methods are validated in terms of changes in minimum sea level pressure, maximum surface winds, and boundary layer and middle tropospheric relative humidity. The skills scores, namely, equitable threat score, false alarm ratio, the probability of detection, and biases (BIAS), are calculated to identify the best suitable DA technique. It is found that the hybrid DA techniques improve the overall quality of analysis compared to those developed using only variational DA techniques. The simulation using the hybrid 4DEnVAR DA technique is found to be better for simulation of the track, intensity changes, and structural characteristics of TCs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Appraisal of Data Assimilation Techniques for Dynamical Downscaling of the Structure and Intensity of Tropical Cyclones

Malakar

Kesarkar

Bhate

et al. 2020

Earth and Space Science

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“…The initial and lateral boundary conditions of the model were obtained from the Global Forecast System Final Analysis (FNL) of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction with horizontal grid spacing of 1° × 1° at 6‐hr interval. Since the TC intensity in the FNL was always weaker than that in observations and often with discrepancy in the position of the TC center (Gao et al, ), a dynamical initialization (DI) scheme was used to spin up the TC. The detailed information of DI can be found in Cha and Wang () and Liu et al ().…”

Section: Model and Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of Recycling of Surface Precipitation to Landfalling Tropical Cyclone Rainfall: A Modeling Study for Typhoon Utor (2013)

Liu

Wang

et al. 2019

JGR Atmospheres

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Surface evaporation is an important factor in the hydrological cycle. It is unknown however how much the recycling of surface precipitation contributes to rainfall in a landfalling tropical cyclone. In this study, ensemble simulations were performed using the Weather Research and Forecasting model to quantify the contribution of re‐evaporation of surface precipitation to rainfall in Typhoon Utor (2013) during and after its landfall over South China. Two sets of ensemble simulations were conducted, one with all default model settings (CTRL) and the other with the surface precipitation rate in the land surface model being set to zero within a radius of 500 km from the storm center so that the re‐evaporation of surface precipitation was removed. Results show that the re‐evaporation of surface precipitation contributed about 15–20% to the total rainfall in the inner core within a 100‐km radius from the storm center after landfall. It is found that the removal of surface precipitation in the land surface model reduced soil moisture and thus surface latent heat flux, which led to a slightly weaker storm, thus the weaker boundary layer inflow and reduced inward moisture transport into the inner‐core region of the storm. The results demonstrate that the reduced surface evaporation and inward moisture transport contributed about 30–40 and 60–70%, respectively, to the decrease in precipitation in the inner‐core region in the experiment with the re‐evaporation of surface precipitation removed.

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“…The FNL data is chosen in this study because it is the most commonly used dataset for synoptic-scale TC studies, e.g., [34,43]. It has been shown to outperform the other modern reanalyses/analyses, such as the NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR), the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2) and the Japanese 55-year Reanalysis (JRA-55), in representing structure and intensity of a hurricane case [44]. FNL may well represent tropical disturbances/depressions due to assimilation of numerous observational data including scatterometer/radiometer winds from QuikSCAT, ASCAT, WindSat, and SSM/I [45], although it underestimates high winds (>17 m s −1 ) under TC conditions [43].…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Latent Heat Flux in Tropical Cyclogenesis over the Western North Pacific: Comparison of Developing versus Non-Developing Disturbances

Jia

Wan

et al. 2019

JMSE

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The possible role of air-sea latent heat flux (LHF) in tropical cyclone (TC) genesis over the western North Pacific (WNP) is investigated using state-of-the-art satellite and analysis datasets. The authors conducted composite analyses of several meteorological variables after identifying developing and non-developing tropical disturbances from June to October of the period 2000 to 2009. Compared to the non-developing disturbances, increased LHF underlying the developing disturbances enhances boundary-layer specific humidity. The secondary circulation then transports more boundary-layer moisture inward and upward and, thus, induces a stronger moist core in the middle troposphere. Accordingly, the air in the core region ascends following a warmer moist adiabat than that in the environment and results in a stronger upper-level warm core, which is associated with a stronger near-surface tangential wind based on the thermal wind balance. This enlarges the magnitude and negative radial gradient of LHF and, thereby, further increases boundary-layer specific humidity. A tropical depression forms when the near-surface tangential wind increases to a certain extent as a result of the continuing positive feedback between near-surface wind and LHF. The results suggest an important role of wind-driven LHF in TC genesis over the WNP.

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Evaluation of Warm‐Core Structure in Reanalysis and Satellite Data Sets Using HS3 Dropsonde Observations: A Case Study of Hurricane Edouard (2014)

Abstract: Using National Aeronautics and Space Administration Hurricane and Severe Storm Sentinel (HS3)

Cited by 16 publications

References 54 publications

Appraisal of Data Assimilation Techniques for Dynamical Downscaling of the Structure and Intensity of Tropical Cyclones

Appraisal of Data Assimilation Techniques for Dynamical Downscaling of the Structure and Intensity of Tropical Cyclones

Contribution of Recycling of Surface Precipitation to Landfalling Tropical Cyclone Rainfall: A Modeling Study for Typhoon Utor (2013)

The Role of Latent Heat Flux in Tropical Cyclogenesis over the Western North Pacific: Comparison of Developing versus Non-Developing Disturbances

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