Evaluation of water content by spatially resolved transverse relaxation times of human articular cartilage

Lüssea, S; Claassen, Horst; Gehrke, Thorsten; Hassenpflug, J.; Schünke, Michael; Heller, Martin; Glüer, Claus C.

doi:10.1016/s0730-725x(99)00144-7

Cited by 230 publications

(176 citation statements)

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“…Water concentration has been proposed as a sensitive biomarker of OA (4,(6)(7)(8). However, most of the MR studies of water concentration have been based on spin-echo sequences, with which TEs are used that are too long to aid evaluation of short T2 water components (6)(7)(8).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Investigators in several studies (6)(7)(8) proposed measurement of water content as a biomarker of cartilage degeneration. However, the investigators in all these studies used conventional clinical spin-echo or gradient-echo sequences with relatively long echo times (TEs), which may only have the capability for detection of signal from long T2 water components.…”

Section: Mr Data Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrashort–Echo Time MR Imaging of the Patella with Bicomponent Analysis: Correlation with Histopathologic and Polarized Light Microscopic Findings

Pauli¹,

Bae²,

Lee³

et al. 2012

Radiology

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Purpose:To correlate short and long T2* water fractions, derived from ultrashort-echo time (TE) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, with semiquantitative histopathologic and polarized light microscopic (PLM) assessment of human cadaveric patellae cartilage. Materials and Methods:Twenty human cadaveric patellae were evaluated by using ultrashort-TE imaging, spin-echo imaging, histopathologic analysis, and PLM, with institutional review board approval. Short and long T2* water components were evaluated for each patella by using bicomponent fitting of ultrashort-TE signal decay. Four to six regions of interest (ROIs) within each patella were chosen for correlation between ultrashort-TE bicomponent analysis, histopathologic grading (Mankin score), and PLM grading (Vaudey score). Results:Ultrashort-TE imaging with bicomponent analysis showed two distinct water components with a short T2* and a longer T2* in all patellae. ROI analysis showed that the short T2* fraction was correlated significantly with the Mankin (r = 0.66, P , .001) and Vaudey (r = 0.68, P , .001) scores. The Mankin scores were weakly positively correlated with T2 (r = 0.28, P = .13) and short T2* (r = 0.24, P = .14) but were negatively correlated with long T2* (r = 20.55, P , .01). The Vaudey scores were weakly positively correlated with T2 (r = 0.18, P = .16) and short T2* (r = 0.22, P = .14) but were negatively correlated with long T2* (r = 20.55, P , .01). Conclusion:Short T2* water fraction derived from ultrashort-TE imaging with bicomponent analysis correlates significantly with both the Mankin and Vaudey scores and may serve as a biomarker of cartilage degeneration.q RSNA, 2012

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mr Data Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrashort–Echo Time MR Imaging of the Patella with Bicomponent Analysis: Correlation with Histopathologic and Polarized Light Microscopic Findings

Pauli¹,

Bae²,

Lee³

et al. 2012

Radiology

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“…T 2 relaxation times (T 2 ) have been shown to correlate with the water content (5) and structural properties of the collagenous fiber architecture (6 -8) in articular cartilage. T 2 has been demonstrated to be sensitive to experimental alterations of the cartilage matrix entailing impaired biomechanical properties (9 -14), and degenerative changes of cartilage in joints with osteoarthritis (OA) (15)(16)(17)(18)(19), and can depict focal areas of abnormality in cartilage (20,21).…”

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confidence: 99%

Global and regional reproducibility of T₂ relaxation time measurements in human patellar cartilage

Gläser¹,

Mendlik²,

Dinges³

et al. 2006

Magnetic Resonance in Med

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Seven T 2 maps (multiecho (ME) sequence: 3000 ms, eight echoes with 13.2 ms of echo spacing, 20 sections) and T 1 -weighted (T 1 -w) fast low-angle shot (FLASH-water excitation (WE)) data sets from four imaging sessions (right patellae of 10 healthy volunteers) were obtained. A segmentation of cartilage (WE sequence) was overlaid on the ME data and T 2 values were calculated for total cartilage, three layers, three facets (global), and 240 ROIs (regional). Reproducibility (precision error) was calculated as the root mean square average (RMSA) of the individual coefficients of variation (COVs, %) and standard deviations (SDs, ms) for intra-and intersession reproducibility. The precision error was 3-7% and 6 -29% for global and regional T 2 , respectively. There was no difference between intraand intersession reproducibility, but there was worse reproducibility in the superficial layers compared to the deeper layers. Peripheral ROI reproducibility (mean ‫؍‬ 13%) was worse than in the central portions (mean ‫؍‬ 11%), but omission of the periphery did not positively affect the globally calculated T 2 reproducibility. The precision errors were small compared to reported changes in diseased cartilage, suggesting good discriminatory power of the technique. Our data provide a first estimate of global and regional reproducibility errors of T 2 in healthy cartilage, and may serve as a basis for sample size calculations and aid study designs for longitudinal and cross-sectional trials in osteoarthritis (OA). Magn Reson Med 56:527-534, 2006.

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“…In articular cartilage, the T2 relaxation time has a linear correlation with the water content of tissue (4) and is sensitive to loss of collagen content (5) and to the orientation of collagen fibers (6) in the extracellular matrix. There is a strong inverse correlation between spatially localized cartilage T2 val-ues and cartilage birefringence observed with polarized light microscopy (7)(8)(9).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Age dependency of cartilage magnetic resonance imaging T2 relaxation times in asymptomatic women

Mosher

Liu

Yang

et al. 2004

Arthritis & Rheumatism

117

101

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Objective. Because the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) transverse relaxation time (T2) of cartilage is sensitive to organization of collagen fibers in the cartilage, it may be a noninvasive image marker for senescent changes in cartilage collagen and early cartilage degeneration. The purpose of this study was to determine age-dependent differences in cartilage T2 values in healthy asymptomatic women.Methods. Quantitative T2 maps of patellar cartilage from 30 asymptomatic women ages 22-86 years were obtained using a 3.0T MRI scanner. The study population was stratified by age into 4 cohorts: 18-30, 31-45, 46-65, and 66-86 years. Spatial differences in cartilage T2 were determined as a function of normalized distance from bone. Older groups were compared with the 18-30-year-old group to determine the effects of age on cartilage T2 values. Regions were considered statistically significantly different if the mean T2 values between groups differed at P < 0.05.Results. Mean cartilage T2 profiles were nearly identical for the 2 youngest cohorts. Compared with the 18-30-year-old group, T2 values were statistically significantly longer in the superficial 40% of cartilage in the 46-65-year-old group and over the entire cartilage thickness in the 66-86-year-old group.Conclusion. The location of T2 elevations in women over the age of 45 years is consistent with the theory that senescent changes of cartilage collagen begin near the articular surface and progress to the deeper cartilage with advancing age.Age is a recognized risk factor in the development of osteoarthritis (OA) (1). Epidemiology studies demonstrate a linear increase in OA in individuals younger than 45 years of age, with an exponential increase in those of older ages (1). Understanding of both OA and the basic aging of connective tissue would be of benefit if specific parameters in cartilage could be identified that reflect senescent modification of tissue. Because magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can directly visualize articular cartilage, it is likely to be a useful modality in the study of cartilage aging and OA. Current clinical MRI techniques demonstrate joint anatomy and can be used to determine morphologic parameters such as cartilage volume, thickness, and presence of focal, superficial cartilage lesions (2). More recently, techniques for generating spatially localized quantitative maps of the MRI relaxation times of cartilage have been described (3). These MRI parametric mapping techniques have the potential to identify and localize specific biochemical and structural changes within the extracellular matrix of cartilage.The transverse relation time (T2) is a measurable MRI time constant that is sensitive to the slow molecular motion of mobile protons. In articular cartilage, the T2 relaxation time has a linear correlation with the water content of tissue (4) and is sensitive to loss of collagen content (5) and to the orientation of collagen fibers (6) in the extracellular matrix. There is a strong inverse correlation between spatially localized cart...

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Evaluation of water content by spatially resolved transverse relaxation times of human articular cartilage

Cited by 230 publications

References 18 publications

Ultrashort–Echo Time MR Imaging of the Patella with Bicomponent Analysis: Correlation with Histopathologic and Polarized Light Microscopic Findings

Ultrashort–Echo Time MR Imaging of the Patella with Bicomponent Analysis: Correlation with Histopathologic and Polarized Light Microscopic Findings

Global and regional reproducibility of T₂ relaxation time measurements in human patellar cartilage

Age dependency of cartilage magnetic resonance imaging T2 relaxation times in asymptomatic women

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Evaluation of water content by spatially resolved transverse relaxation times of human articular cartilage

Cited by 230 publications

References 18 publications

Ultrashort–Echo Time MR Imaging of the Patella with Bicomponent Analysis: Correlation with Histopathologic and Polarized Light Microscopic Findings

Ultrashort–Echo Time MR Imaging of the Patella with Bicomponent Analysis: Correlation with Histopathologic and Polarized Light Microscopic Findings

Global and regional reproducibility of T2 relaxation time measurements in human patellar cartilage

Age dependency of cartilage magnetic resonance imaging T2 relaxation times in asymptomatic women

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Global and regional reproducibility of T₂ relaxation time measurements in human patellar cartilage