Evaluation of Water Deficit Stress Tolerance in Populations of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare M.) Using Drought Tolerance Indices

Abstract

Drought stress is one of the most important non-polluting environmental stresses affecting crop production. In order to identify tolerant fennel populations to water deficit stress and determine the most effective drought tolerance indices, an experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with three separate replications under limited and normal condition of irrigation with 19 fennel populations at the Agricultural Research Station, University of Tabriz in 2016. Water deficit stress applied during the beginning of flowering by disruption irrigation. Routine irrigation performed for normal condition. Combined analysis of variance showed that there is significant difference (p ≤ 0.01) between two irrigation condition and also populations for most traits. Population × condition interaction of most traits was significant (p ≤ 0.01). The results showed that the number of umbels per plant, number of grain per umbel, grain weight, grain yield and essential oil yield in all evaluated populations are reduced under water deficit stress conditions. While the essential oil of the whole population increased in the water deficit stress conditions. Evaluation of population from the drought tolerance was performed by six different index SSI, TOL, MP, STI, GMP and HARM. According to positive correlation indices MP, GMP, HARM and STI with grain yield and essential oil yeild, under normal and water deficit stress condition of irrigatin this four indicators were identified as the most effective index for determining drought tolerant populations. According to the four major indices, Bonab, Birjand, Germany (11486) and Hamedan populations were identified as water deficit stress tolerant and Qazyantp and Khorshidabad populations were identified as sensitive to water deficit stress. The comparison results showed that Bonab population was the best a population from the important characteristics such as grain yield, essential oil yield, umbels per plant, grain weight and biomass under normal irrigation conditions and from the umbel per plant under stress conditions.

Investigation of human error by using THERP method in control room of incoiler department in a pipe manufacturing company

“…It should be noted that these factors have a straight association with the factors affecting user's performance (15). A study by Mehdi Ghasem Khani in the petrochemical industry shows that functional error has the maximum score (16). In a Study conducted by Habibi et al In the control room of the Isfahan oil refinery, functional error has the highest error rate (17).…”

“…In a study carried out by GhaleNoi et al Using the HEART technique in a petrochemical complex, one of the most significant factors in human error in control room operators is tiredness, which is ranked first with 32 cases and 13.44% (21). Excessive labor and fatigue are among the factors mentioned in many studies as main causes of human error (16,(22)(23)(24). The experience depends on the work experience of worker and training and skills acquired through this period.…”

“…In 2009, Doytchev et al also analyzed the tasks and the tree of error in Bulgarian industry, which indicated that training, experience and complexity of task are among the most important modes of error in operators' behavior (25). In other studies, the importance of training and its role in reducing errors are mentioned (16,19,21,26). Nezamodini et al done a study about identifying human error and mention that with identified operator error and their consequence can reduce number of accident and create a safer environment (27).…”

Impact of Drought Stress on Growth–Yield Parameters, Volatile Constituents and Physio-Biochemical Traits of Three Foeniculum vulgare Genotypes

“…The plant materials used in this study consisted of an indigenous Iranian fennel genotype (TorbetJam) obtained from the Iranian Institute of Forests and Rangelands Research along with two other genotypes (Izmir and Gaziantep) obtained from the Department of Medicinal Plants of Ankara University Turkey). These genotypes represent different climates from arid to semiarid regions and were selected based on study of twenty genotypes, for evaluating physiobiochemical responses and high, average and weak tolerance to drought stress in seed yield and plant biomass [5,23,52].…”

“…There are continuing studies on identification of drought-tolerant resources of fennel in western Asia to understand different tolerance mechanisms. Some drought-tolerant fennel genotypes such as Shiraz and Yazd distributed in arid parts of Iran have been reported [5,23,52].…”