Evaluation of weather research and forecasting model parameterizations under sea-breeze conditions in a North Sea coastal environment

Salvador, Nadir; Reis, Neyval Costa; Santos, Jane Méri; Albuquerque, Taciana Toledo de Almeida; Loriato, Ayres Geraldo; Delbarre, Hervé; Augustin, Patrick; Sokolov, Anton; Moreira, Davidson Martins

doi:10.1007/s13351-016-6019-9

Cited by 26 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Finally, all the pollutants mixed with cool and humid air enriched with marine particles were advected by the SB GC to the sampling site, leading to recirculation conditions. These results are consistent with our previous studies [21,23,32] focused on the investigation of the sea breezes impact on the pollution in urban and industrialized coastal area of the North Sea, by combining modeling and atmospheric dynamics measurements, in different time-scale (from few hours up to 6 months). Moreover, the one year study of pollutants' spatial and temporal variations, based on hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) applied in the urban area of Dunkerque, provided evidence of highest pollution episodes during sea breeze phenomenon, which is mainly responsible for the distribution and recirculation of air pollutants during summer [30].…”

Section: Impact Of the Sb On No X And Aerosolssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…After the SBF passage, the TIBL top was located in the vicinity of the GC top located at about 400 m up to 12:30. These dynamics processes have been confirmed by our previous studies devoted on the impact of a sea breeze on the boundary-layer dynamics and the atmospheric stratification in a coastal area of the North Sea [21,32,33]. A singularity period was then observed, at about 12:30, characterized by temporal discontinuities of the SB GC top and the TIBL top from about 400 m up to 700 m (Figures 4 and 7a).…”

Section: Impacts Of Sb On the Lower Tropospheresupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Within the frame of the French Etude Mobile Multi-echelle Atmospherique (EMMA) project, we implemented an atmospheric mobile unit (AMU) during a field campaign performed in summer 2017 (Figure 1b). Although many studies have been carried out on this representative site of urbanized and industrialized coastal environment of the North Sea [21,[31][32][33], our multidisciplinary approach allowed us to provide jointly: -temporal and spatial evolution of the SB dynamical structure (ABL, SB system including the SB fronts, SB gravity currents), -evolution of the meteorological and aerosol (optical properties) vertical profiles, using in situ and remote sensing techniques, on a daily timescale, under the influence of SB, -SB potential effect to generate thermodynamically conditions favoring secondary aerosol formation, -size distribution, morphology and chemical composition of aerosols collected during the SB period, -oxidative stress and inflammation processes in human lung cells exposed during SB.…”

Section: Atmospheric Mobile Unit (Amu)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Sea Breeze Dynamics on Atmospheric Pollutants and Their Toxicity in Industrial and Urban Coastal Environments

et al. 2020

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Sea breeze (SB) phenomena may strongly influence air quality and lead to important effects on human health. In order to study the impact of SB dynamics on the properties and toxicity of aerosols, an atmospheric mobile unit was deployed during a field campaign performed in an urbanized and industrialized coastal area in Northern France. This unit combines aerosol samplers, two scanning lidars (Doppler and elastic) and an air-liquid interface (ALI, Vitrocell®) in vitro cell exposure device. Our study highlights that after the passage of an SB front, the top of the atmospheric boundary layer collapses as the thermal internal boundary layer (TIBL) develops, which leads to high aerosol extinction coefficient values (>0.4 km−1) and an increase of PM2.5 and NOx concentrations in the SB current. The number-size distribution of particles indicates a high proportion of fine particles (with diameter below 500 nm), while the volume-size distribution shows a major mode of coarse particles centered on 2–3 µm. Individual particle analyses performed by cryo-transmission scanning electron microscopy (cryo-TSEM)-EDX highlights that submicronic particles contained a high fraction of secondary compounds, which may result from nucleation and/or condensation of condensable species (vapors or gaseous species after photo-oxidation). Secondary aerosol (SA) formation can be enhanced in some areas, by the interaction between the SB flow and the upper continental air mass, particularly due to the effect of both turbulence and temperature/humidity gradients between these two contrasting air masses. Potential areas of SA formation are located near the ground, during the SB front passage and in the vicinity of the SB current top. During the sea breeze event, an increase in the oxidative stress and inflammation processes in exposed lung cells, compared to the unexposed cells, can also be seen. In some instances, short singularity periods are observed during SB, corresponding to a double flow structure. It consists of two adjacent SB currents that induce an important increase of the TIBL top, improving the pollutants dispersion. This is associated with a substantial decrease of aerosol mass concentrations.

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Section: Impact Of the Sb On No X And Aerosolssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Impacts Of Sb On the Lower Tropospheresupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Atmospheric Mobile Unit (Amu)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Sea Breeze Dynamics on Atmospheric Pollutants and Their Toxicity in Industrial and Urban Coastal Environments

et al. 2020

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“…Diurnal variation of 10‐m temperatures indicated that WRF has a cold bias by up to 2° at night although the bias is small in the afternoon (Figure e). The noted cold bias has also been found in previous studies (e.g., Salvador et al, ; Steele et al, ). WRF simulations also well captured the vertical wind shear between 10 and 80 m except underestimated the shear at night after 2100 LST.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Sea Breezes and Evaluationssupporting

confidence: 87%

Characteristics and Simulation Biases of Corkscrew Sea Breezes on the East Coast of China

et al. 2019

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Coastal areas, where sea breeze are prevalent, generally have good wind power resources and are favorable sites for wind farms. Corkscrew sea breezes, having greater wind power than backdoor sea breezes, dominate the local circulations in summer over the coastal area of Jiangsu province, China. Daily Weather Research and Forecasting simulations were conducted for the summer of 2012. Evaluations of 12 corkscrew sea breezes near the coast suggested that simulations captured the overall characteristics of wind changes with sea breezes, except an overestimate of wind speeds by up to 1 m/s at 10 m above ground level and a cold bias at night. Another prominent bias is the underestimated low‐level vertical wind shear at night. A representative corkscrew sea breeze in July 2012 was used to document the typical spatial structure and diurnal evolution of corkscrew sea breezes. Initiated at 1000 Local Standard Time (LST), the sea breeze reached its maximum strength at 1700 LST with an inland penetration depth of 70 km, an offshore extent up to 150 km, and a vertical extent of ~500 m. The fully developed circulation was accompanied by a coastal jet with maximum winds up to 11 m/s ~200 m above ground level. A series of sensitivity simulations indicated that simulated land‐surface temperatures and boundary‐layer mixing are the two key factors for low‐level wind simulation. Nocturnal stable boundary layer still remains a challenge for boundary layer schemes tested here.

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“…This has primarily been driven by an increased interest in wind energy, although regional weather events and the dispersion of air pollutants in coastal zones remain important issues as well. An overwhelming majority of the publications have been devoted to the numerical modeling of sea breezes (see, e.g., [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]). At the same time, the number of experimental studies of sea breezes in various countries and regions has also increased significantly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodar Observation of the ABL Structure and Waves over the Black Sea Offshore Site

et al. 2019

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Sodar investigations of the breeze circulation and vertical structure of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) were carried out in the coastal zone of the Black Sea for ten days in June 2015. The measurements were preformed at a stationary oceanographic platform located 450 m from the southern coast of the Crimean Peninsula. Complex measurements of the ABL vertical structure were performed using the three-axis Doppler minisodar Latan-3m. Auxiliary measurements were provided by a temperature profiler and two automatic weather stations. During the campaign, the weather was mostly fair with a pronounced daily cycle. Characteristic features of breeze circulation in the studied area, primarily determined by the adjacent mountains, were revealed. Wave structures with amplitudes of up to 100 m were regularly observed by sodar over the sea surface. Various forms of Kelvin–Helmholtz billows, observed at the interface between the sea breeze and the return flow aloft, are described.

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Evaluation of weather research and forecasting model parameterizations under sea-breeze conditions in a North Sea coastal environment

Cited by 26 publications

References 59 publications

Impact of Sea Breeze Dynamics on Atmospheric Pollutants and Their Toxicity in Industrial and Urban Coastal Environments

Impact of Sea Breeze Dynamics on Atmospheric Pollutants and Their Toxicity in Industrial and Urban Coastal Environments

Characteristics and Simulation Biases of Corkscrew Sea Breezes on the East Coast of China

Sodar Observation of the ABL Structure and Waves over the Black Sea Offshore Site

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