Evaluation of zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) as an animal model for the viral infections of fish

Rakus, Krzysztof; Adamek, Mikołaj; Mojzesz, Miriam; Podlasz, Piotr; Chmielewska-Krzesińska, Małgorzata; Naumowicz, Kamila; Kasica-Jarosz, Natalia; Kłak, Kinga; Rakers, Sebastian; Way, K.; Steinhagen, Dieter; Chadzińska, Magdalena

doi:10.1111/jfd.12994

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 53 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In fish, however, little is known about the microglia activation during viral infection of brain, although neurotropic viruses might potentially affect its activity/function. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a laboratory model organism used for translational studies of human and animal diseases, including viral infections (12)(13)(14). However, the knowledge regarding the brain immune response and behavioral changes during brain viral infection of zebrafish is very limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tilapia Lake Virus-Induced Neuroinflammation in Zebrafish: Microglia Activation and Sickness Behavior

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In mammals, the relationship between the immune system and behavior is widely studied. In fish, however, the knowledge concerning the brain immune response and behavioral changes during brain viral infection is very limited. To further investigate this subject, we used the model of tilapia lake virus (TiLV) infection of zebrafish (Danio rerio), which was previously developed in our laboratory. We demonstrated that TiLV persists in the brain of adult zebrafish for at least 90 days, even when the virus is not detectable in other peripheral organs. The virions were found in the whole brain. During TiLV infection, zebrafish displayed a clear sickness behavior: decreased locomotor activity, reduced food intake, and primarily localizes near the bottom zone of aquaria. Moreover, during swimming, individual fish exhibited also unusual spiral movement patterns. Gene expression study revealed that TiLV induces in the brain of adult fish strong antiviral and inflammatory response and upregulates expression of genes encoding microglia/macrophage markers. Finally, using zebrafish larvae, we showed that TiLV infection induces histopathological abnormalities in the brain and causes activation of the microglia which is manifested by changes in cell shape from a resting ramified state in mock-infected to a highly ameboid active state in TiLV-infected larvae. This is the first study presenting a comprehensive analysis of the brain immune response associated with microglia activation and subsequent sickness behavior during systemic viral infection in zebrafish.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tilapia Lake Virus-Induced Neuroinflammation in Zebrafish: Microglia Activation and Sickness Behavior

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Moreover, innate immune genes such as TNF and NOD1 also been detected in all selected mucosal tissues, further suggesting that innate immunity was involved in the antiviral process ( 40 ). More importantly, the mRNA expression of antiviral genes such as Vig1, ISG15, Adar, PKR, and Mx1 was upregulated in infected individuals, suggesting that SVCV activated the antiviral pathway in common carp ( 21 , 22 , 41 ). As an antimicrobial peptide widely distributed in teleost, hepcidin plays an important role against microbial invasion in the innate immune system ( 42 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions Between Commensal Microbiota and Mucosal Immunity in Teleost Fish During Viral Infection With SVCV

Meng

Ding

et al. 2021

Front. Immunol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The mucosa of vertebrates is a particularly complex but dynamic environment in which the host constantly interacts with trillions of commensal microorganisms and pathogens. Although the internal and external mucosal microbiomes with immune defense of mammals have been well investigated, the relationship between mucosal microbes and their host’s immune responses has not been systematically understood in the early vertebrates. In this study, we compared the composition and distribution of mucosal microbiota in common carp (Cyprinus carpio), and found that there were significant differences of microbiota between in the internal (gut) and external mucosal (buccal mucosa, gills and skin) tissues. Next, we successfully constructed an infection model with spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV). Specifically, following viral infection, the immune and antiviral related genes showed different up-regulation in all selected mucosal tissues while significant morphological changes were only found in external tissues including buccal mucosa, gills and skin. Using 16S rRNA gene sequence, we revealed that the abundance of Proteobacteria in mucosal tissues including buccal mucosa, gills and gut showed increased trend after viral infection, whereas the abundance of Fusobacteria significantly decreased in gut. In addition, the loss of dominant commensal microorganisms and increased colonization of opportunistic bacteria were discovered in the mucosal surfaces indicating that a secondary bacterial infection might occur in these mucosal tissues after viral infection. Overall, our results firstly point out the distribution of internal and external mucosal microbiota and analyze the changes of mucosal microbiota in common carp after SVCV infection, which may indicated that the potential role of mucosal microbiota in the antiviral process in early vertebrates.

show abstract

“…In some instances, even an abortive infection with a fish rhabdovirus can lead to higher ifn and mx expression in cultured cells [ 28 ]. The stimulation of the vig/viperin gene expression has been reported in SVCV-infected cells [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ]. SVCV infection has been also shown to up-regulate the transcription of the gig gene and the synthesis of GIG protein in zebrafish cells [ 33 ].…”

Section: Ssrna Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fish Innate Immune Response to Viral Infection—An Overview of Five Major Antiviral Genes

Ortega-Villaizán¹,

Chico²,

Pérez³

2022

Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fish viral diseases represent a constant threat to aquaculture production. Thus, a better understanding of the cellular mechanisms involved in establishing an antiviral state associated with protection against virus replication and pathogenesis is paramount for a sustainable aquaculture industry. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on five selected host innate immune-related genes in response to the most relevant viral pathogens in fish farming. Viruses have been classified as ssRNA, dsRNA, and dsDNA according to their genomes, in order to shed light on what those viruses may share in common and what response may be virus-specific, both in vitro (cell culture) as well as in vivo. Special emphasis has been put on trying to identify markers of resistance to viral pathogenesis. That is, those genes more often associated with protection against viral disease, a key issue bearing in mind potential applications into the aquaculture industry.

show abstract

Evaluation of zebrafish (Danio rerio) as an animal model for the viral infections of fish

Cited by 21 publications

References 53 publications

Tilapia Lake Virus-Induced Neuroinflammation in Zebrafish: Microglia Activation and Sickness Behavior

Tilapia Lake Virus-Induced Neuroinflammation in Zebrafish: Microglia Activation and Sickness Behavior

Interactions Between Commensal Microbiota and Mucosal Immunity in Teleost Fish During Viral Infection With SVCV

Fish Innate Immune Response to Viral Infection—An Overview of Five Major Antiviral Genes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About