Evaluation of Zuclopenthixol Acetate to Decrease Handling Stress in Wapiti

Read, Matt R.; Caulkett, Nigel; McCallister, Marvin

doi:10.7589/0090-3558-36.3.450

Cited by 48 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Bosson et al 2012;Ponjoan et al 2008). Even though some studies claim that using chemical immobilization reduces capture and handling stress (Montané et al 2002;Read et al 2000), we argue that not using anaesthesia can be an advantage: Our procedure meant that beavers were released immediately back into their familiar surroundings (including lodges and burrows for refuge) without adverse affects from anaesthesia and/or surgery. Tagged beavers were quite often observed swimming or foraging shortly after release (F. Rosell, personal communication), which confirms our assumption.…”

Section: Reduced Activity Level (Mean Odba)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term effects of tagging on activity and movement patterns of Eurasian beavers (Castor fiber)

et al. 2016

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Bio-logging is becoming increasingly popular amongst wildlife researchers, providing a remote way of monitoring free-ranging animals in their natural habitats. However, capturing and tagging can be stressful and may alter animal behaviour. In this study, we investigated whether tagging altered activity and movement patterns of Eurasian beavers (Castor fiber) during the first week after release, predicting that beavers would be less active, travel shorter distances and stay closer to the lodge in the first nights after the tagging event. We captured 29 dominant free-ranging beavers (12 females, 17 males) in Telemark county, Norway, and tagged them with GPS units (n = 23; 12 males, 11 females) and triaxial acceleration data loggers (n = 14; 9 males, 5 females). Accelerometer data was used to investigate activity levels (using mean overall dynamic body acceleration ODBA and principal activity periods), while GPS data was used to determine movement patterns (using distance moved and lodge displacement rate). Tagging effects were apparent only in activity levels of beavers, where we found lower mean ODBA values after release although the small effect size (Cohen's d = 0.17) indicates only a minimal difference in activity. Neither principal activity periods nor distances moved or lodge displacement rate changed within the first week after release, which indicates that beavers were active and post-release space use within the territory was not affected by the tagging event in this respect.

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Section: Reduced Activity Level (Mean Odba)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term effects of tagging on activity and movement patterns of Eurasian beavers (Castor fiber)

et al. 2016

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“…Behavioural categories are described in Ethogram Table 2 avoid fall-related wounds during capture is to keep the floor of the trap in a non-slippery condition. The use of anaesthesia is typically motivated by stress reduction (Teixeira et al 2007) or to reduce the incidence of capture myopathy (Read et al 2000). However, tranquilizing has not always been shown to improve survival (Letty et al 2000), and one explanation can be the lack of control that can act as a stressor for the animal (Sapolsky 1982).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of box-traps for wild roe deer: behaviour, injuries and recaptures

2017

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Tracking devices are commonly used to locate and monitor wild animals for studying spatial ecology and survival rates. There is growing interest in capture effects, partially to minimize the impact on the study species, but also for animal welfare reasons. This study aims to examine roe deer behaviour in box-traps, when restrained, when released and during recaptures to quantify injuries and deaths over a period of 41 years. We use data from 2911 captures from 926 individuals between 1973 and 2014. We recorded behaviour inside the box-traps over two seasons. We also recorded behavioural data from 671 catches of 346 individuals during six seasons to study habituation. Additionally, we discuss boxtraps in relation to ethological theory and animal welfare. Over a 41-year period, one roe deer suffering from starvation was found dead in a trap (0.035%), which cannot be solely related to capture (N = 926). About 58% of all roe deer were recaptured at least once during their life time. There was a low prevalence of injuries (0.5% of the captures, N = 2911), and they occurred predominately to the nose or antlers in velvet (in males). During the first hour after capture, animals typically stand very tense between eating bouts. Thereafter, the deer tended to move more softly and exhibited resting behaviours (e.g. lying down). Overall, we conclude that this method of capture and handling had very low impact on the welfare or survival of roe deer, which also habituated to recapture over successive events. • We recorded recaptures, injuries and behaviour during restraint in boxtraps.• About 58% of roe deer were recaptured during their life time.• The estimated direct mortality and wounds was 0.035 and 0.5% respectively.• Roe deer habituate to the capture and become calmer at consecutive captures.Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article

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“…Objective measures of stress such as heart rate, temperature, and blood parameters were more variable, but tended to suggest less stress in the treated animals than in controls. No side effects of the drug were observed in any of the animals in these studies, given a dose of 1 mg/kg IM [15,17,18], however extrapyramidal signs have been reported to occur early in treatment or at higher doses [4]. In one report [10], apparent extrapyramidal signs were observed in two white-tailed deer, manifesting as continuous self-grooming and facial movements.…”

Section: Use Of Long-acting Neuroleptics In Wildlifementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several authors have examined both subjective and objective effects of this drug, in attempt to describe its usefulness. Its effects have been recently evaluated in red deer [15], bison [16], Nile lechwe [17], wapiti [18], and white-tailed deer [10], in addition to numerous historical references. It has been used alone [17,18] and in combination with other tranquilizers such as azaperone [10,16] and perphenazine [15].…”

Section: Use Of Long-acting Neuroleptics In Wildlifementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In all cases, clinical effects were observed within a few hours, and lasted 3 -4 days. In three studies [15,17,18], treated animals were administered the drug and were compared to controls when challenged with different degrees of stressors including proximity to people and handling for blood collection. In all cases, treated animals were easier to handle and manipulate, their flight distances were reduced, and they appeared subjectively less stressed during and after handling.…”

Section: Use Of Long-acting Neuroleptics In Wildlifementioning

confidence: 99%

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EFFECT OF PERPHENAZINE ENANTHATE IN PYRENEAN CHAMOIS (RUPICAPRA PYRENAICA)

Marco¹,

Cabezón²,

Mentaberre³

et al. 2013

Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine

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The term "long-acting neuroleptic" is used to describe a member of a group of tranquilizers that has been used in wildlife over the past 20 years. Tranquilizers comprise one of many groups of pharmacologically active agents that have their primary effect by modulating neurotransmitter activity within the central nervous system [1]. There are five main neurotransmitters that are involved in behavior modification: acetylcholine, dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Tranquilizers, also referred to as neuroleptics, act as antipsychotics through their action as dopamine antagonists. TranquilizersThe antipsychotic action of dopamine antagonists is achieved by blocking dopamine receptors and increasing turnover of dopamine in the limbic system of the brain, producing a state of "ataraxia" or behavioral quieting that is characterized by decreased emotional reactivity and aggression, and relative indifference to stressful situations [1-3]. Tranquilizers do not cause profound cortical depression (unconsciousness), but will suppress spontaneous movements while sparing spinal reflexes and unconditioned pain reflexes [1,4]. These drugs are used in people as antipsychotics, and are used primarily for the treatment of acute psychoses such as schizophrenia. Typically, these agents work best for treatment of conditions that manifest with episodes of hallucinations, delusion, agitation, and unresponsive behavior [1].Tranquilizers can be categorized according to their potency (minor or major, based on the incidence of side-effects), structural similarities (phenothiazine, benzodiazepine, or butyrophenone), and duration of action (short-acting or longacting). Minor phenothiazine tranquilizers are familiar to most practitioners and include the agents (i.e., promazine, acepromazine) that have historically been used for sedation and anesthesia in domestic species. Typically, the minor tranquilizers produce a greater degree of sedation, while having a higher incidence of anticholinergic and cardiovascular sideeffects, and fewer extrapyramidal side-effects [1]. Major tranquilizers produce less sedation and fewer anticholinergic effects, but have a higher incidence of extrapyramidal side-effects [1].

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Evaluation of Zuclopenthixol Acetate to Decrease Handling Stress in Wapiti

Cited by 48 publications

References 19 publications

Short-term effects of tagging on activity and movement patterns of Eurasian beavers (Castor fiber)

Short-term effects of tagging on activity and movement patterns of Eurasian beavers (Castor fiber)

The use of box-traps for wild roe deer: behaviour, injuries and recaptures

EFFECT OF PERPHENAZINE ENANTHATE IN PYRENEAN CHAMOIS (RUPICAPRA PYRENAICA)

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