Evaluation of β-Lactamase Enzyme Activity in Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs) Isolated from Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) Salmonella Infantis Strains

Abstract

Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are nanoparticles released by Gram-negative bacteria, which contain different cargo molecules and mediate several biological processes. Recent studies have shown that OMVs are involved in antibiotic-resistance (AR) mechanisms by including β-lactamase enzymes in their lumen. Since no studies have as yet been conducted on Salmonella enterica subs. enterica serovar Infantis’ OMVs, the aim of the work was to collect OMVs from five S. Infantis β-lactam resistant strains isolated from a broiler meat production chain and to investigate whether β-lactamase enzymes are included in OMVs during their biogenesis. OMVs were isolated by means of ultrafiltration and a Nitrocefin assay quantified the presence of β-lactamase enzymes in the OMVs. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were used to identify the OMVs. The results showed that all strains release spherical OMVs, ranging from 60 to 230 nm. The Nitrocefin assay highlighted the presence of β-lactamase enzymes within the OMVs. This suggests that β-lactamase enzymes also get packaged into OMVs from bacterial periplasm during OMV biogenesis. An investigation into the possible role played by OMVs in AR mechanisms would open the door for an opportunity to develop new, therapeutic strategies.

Occurrence of a New Variant of Salmonella Infantis Lacking Somatic Antigen

“…Over recent years, antimicrobial resistance has emerged in S . Infantis strains from different animal sources and humans in various European countries, leading to complications in disease [ 7 , 8 ]. The spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) variants is likely due to the widespread and long-term use of common antimicrobials in poultry and animal farms for therapeutics, prophylaxis, and growth promotion [ 9 ].…”