Evaluation on Long-Term Test–Retest Reliability of the Short-Form Childhood Trauma Questionnaire in Patients with Schizophrenia

Abstract

Background: Many studies have reported an association between childhood trauma exposure and schizophrenia. Among these studies, the Short-form Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-SF) is one of the most widely used measures of childhood trauma. However, little is known regarding the long-term reliability of the CTQ-SF, especially in patients with psychopathology. Methods: The CTQ-SF was administered to 50 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia from a hospital in Changsha, Hunan, China. These patients were asked to re-complete the CTQ-SF when they were re-hospitalized or received outpatient treatments in the same hospital within 4 years of follow-up. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to assess test-retest reliability of the CTQ-SF over the intervals. Associations of the CTQ-SF with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) were tested using Spearman correlation coefficients. Results: Among the participants, 35 (70.0%) patients re-completed the CTQ-SF after an interval averaging 11.26 months. Excellent test-retest reliabilities (with ICC > 0.75) were found for the total CTQ-SF score (ICC = 0.772) as well as scores of the emotional abuse (ICC = 0.808), physical abuse (ICC = 0.756), sexual abuse (ICC = 0.877) and physical neglect (ICC = 0.751) subscales. Meanwhile, a moderate test-retest reliability was found for the emotional neglect subscale (ICC = 0.538). At both baseline and follow-up, no significant correlations (p > 0.05) were found between CTQ-SF scores and any other clinical assessments. Conclusion:Our results suggest that CTQ-SF is reliable to assess childhood trauma exposures in schizophrenia over relatively long intervals, regardless of patients' current symptoms and states of cognition.

Childhood trauma, peer victimization, and non-suicidal self-injury among Chinese adolescents: A latent variable mediation analysis

“…It is divided into ve subscales: emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional neglect, and physical neglect. There are 28 questions in total, and each question is scored on a ve-point scale, with the total possible score ranging from 28 to 140; higher scores indicate higher levels of trauma exposure [12]. The scale has good reliability; the Cronbach's α for the CTQ in this study was 0.84.…”

“…This paper attempts to explore the in uence of early family environment and peer relationships on the NSSI of adolescents Childhood trauma includes abuse and neglect by family members, especially primary caregivers [9], and has been identi ed as an important risk factor for the occurrence of NSSI [10] [11]. Neglect can be divided into two categories [12]: (1) physical neglect, where the basic requirements for the child's survival are not met, such as nutrition and shelter; (2) emotional neglect, where the basic psychological needs of the child are neglected or diluted. Abuse can be divided into the following categories: (1) physical abuse, which is intentional and violent physical injury; (2) emotional abuse, which refers to verbal and other mental attacks that harm a child's health, including attacks on self-con dence, insults, and other behaviors that hinder a child's normal growth; (3) sexual abuse, de ned as an adult using violence, inducement, or other methods to engage in any form of sexual behavior with a child [13] [14].…”

Evaluating test-retest reliability and sex/age-related effects on temporal clustering coefficient of dynamic functional brain networks

“…The overall ICCs of all metrics were further obtained by averaging across all densities and reported descriptively (Braun et al, 2012;Deuker et al, 2009). According to overall ICCs, the reliabilities of different metrics could be classified into four levels: poor (ICC < 0.4), moderate (0.4 ≤ ICC < 0.6), good (0.6 ≤ ICC < 0.75) and excellent (ICC > 0.75) (Cicchetti, 1994;Roach et al, 2019;Xiang et al, 2021).…”

Evaluating test–retest reliability and sex‐/age‐related effects on temporal clustering coefficient of dynamic functional brain networks

“…The overall ICCs of all metrics were further obtained by averaging across all densities and reported descriptively (Braun et al, 2012 ; Deuker et al, 2009 ). According to overall ICCs, the reliabilities of each metrics were classified into four levels using the following criterion: poor (ICC < 0.4), moderate (0.4 ≤ ICC < 0.6), good (0.6 ≤ ICC < 0.75), and excellent (ICC > 0.75) (Cicchetti, 1994 ; Roach et al, 2019 ; Wu et al, 2022 ; Xiang et al, 2021 ). This criterion has been widely used in prior fMRI studies (Braun et al, 2012 ; Cao et al, 2014 ; Compère et al, 2021 ; Deuker et al, 2009 ; Gesierich et al, 2020 ), although more stringent criteria (e.g., considering ICCs under 0.5 to be poor) were also recommended (Jia et al, 2020 ; Nettekoven et al, 2018 ).…”

“…poor (ICC < 0.4), moderate (0.4 ≤ ICC < 0.6), good (0.6 ≤ ICC < 0.75), and excellent (ICC > 0.75) (Cicchetti, 1994;Roach et al, 2019;Wu et al, 2022;Xiang et al, 2021). This criterion has been widely used in prior fMRI studies (Braun et al, 2012;Cao et al, 2014;Compère et al, 2021;Deuker et al, 2009;Gesierich et al, 2020), although more stringent criteria (e.g., considering ICCs under 0.5 to be poor) were also recommended (Jia et al, 2020;Nettekoven et al, 2018).…”