Evaluation outcomes of self-defense training for women: A review

Brecklin, Leanne R.

doi:10.1016/j.avb.2007.10.001

Cited by 92 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The answer depends in large part on the strength of the intervention. There is evidence that fairly intensive victim-focused interventions can be effective in preventing sexual assault (Brecklin, 2008; Senn, et al, 2015; Vladutiu, Martin, & Macy, 2011). But these programs would be prohibitively expensive to implement with all female soldiers, many of whom have extremely low risks of sexual assault victimization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing a Risk Model to Target High-Risk Preventive Interventions for Sexual Assault Victimization Among Female U.S. Army Soldiers

Street

Rosellini

Ursano

et al. 2016

Clinical Psychological Science

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Sexual violence victimization is a significant problem among female U.S. military personnel. Preventive interventions for high-risk individuals might reduce prevalence, but would require accurate targeting. We attempted to develop a targeting model for female Regular U.S. Army soldiers based on theoretically-guided predictors abstracted from administrative data records. As administrative reports of sexual assault victimization are known to be incomplete, parallel machine learning models were developed to predict administratively-recorded (in the population) and self-reported (in a representative survey) victimization. Capture-recapture methods were used to combine predictions across models. Key predictors included low status, crime involvement, and treated mental disorders. Area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve was .83−.88. 33.7-63.2% of victimizations occurred among soldiers in the highest-risk ventile (5%). This high concentration of risk suggests that the models could be useful in targeting preventive interventions, although final determination would require careful weighing of intervention costs, effectiveness, and competing risks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing a Risk Model to Target High-Risk Preventive Interventions for Sexual Assault Victimization Among Female U.S. Army Soldiers

Street

Rosellini

Ursano

et al. 2016

Clinical Psychological Science

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“…Although high quality self-defence training has been shown to be empowering for women [25], because so few participants reported they also received information about rape, it seems likely this was ‘stranger danger’ self-defence. Without debunking rape myths, such training is unlikely to be put into practice by women against men they know [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual violence in the lives of first-year university women in Canada: no improvements in the 21st century

et al. 2014

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BackgroundSummarizes the frequency, type, and context of sexual assault in a large sample of first-year university women at three Canadian universities.MethodsAs part of a randomized controlled trial assessing the efficacy of a sexual assault resistance education program, baseline data were collected from women between ages of 17 and 24 using computerized surveys. Participants’ experience with sexual victimization since the age of 14 years was assessed using the Sexual Experiences Survey--Short Form Victimization (SES-SFV).ResultsAmong 899 first-year university women (mean age = 18.5 years), 58.7% (95% CI: 55.4%, 62.0%) had experienced one or more forms of victimization since the age of 14 years, 35.0% (95% CI: 31.9%, 38.3%) had experienced at least one completed or attempted rape, and 23.5% (95% CI: 20.7%, 26.4%) had been raped. Among the 211 rape victims, 46.4% (95% CI: 39.7%, 53.2%) had experienced more than one type of assault (oral, vaginal, anal) in a single incident or across multiple incidents. More than three-quarters (79.6%; 95% CI: 74.2%, 85.1%) of the rapes occurred while women were incapacitated by alcohol or drugs. One-third (33.3%) of women had previous self-defence training, but few (4.0%) had previous sexual assault education.ConclusionsFindings from the first large Canadian study of university women since the 1990s indicate that a large proportion of women arrive on campuses with histories of sexual victimization, and they are generally unprepared for the perpetrators they may face during their academic years. There is an urgent need for effective rape prevention programs on university campuses.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT01338428. Registered 13 April 2011.

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“…Some physical defense measures, for example, may include moving to lower crime areas (Skogan 1990), purchasing homes in gated communities (Grant and Mittelsteadt 2004), and engaging in a variety of target hardening activities (e.g., improved lighting, installation of personal alarm systems) to modify the environment (Crowe 1991). In other instances, individuals may address concerns over their physical vulnerability by taking self-defense courses and keeping firearms for protection (Binns and Markow 1999;Brecklin 2008;Vacha and McLaughlin 2004). In other cases some individuals, such as women and the elderly, may avoid certain public locales at various times based on their perceptions that the potential for being victimized is greater (Pain 2000(Pain , 2001Smith et al 2001).…”

Section: The Literaturementioning

confidence: 96%

Consequences of School Violence: Personal Coping and Protection Measures by School Personnel in Their Personal Lives

Johnson

Barton‐Bellessa

2014

Deviant Behavior

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To date, the fear of victimization of school personnel outside the school setting has not been extensively studied. Using the lifestyles-routine activities theoretical approach, this exploratory study investigated whether school personnel have concerns of being victimized by current/former students and parents/guardians. Using self-report data from a Midwestern rural school district, this study found that in most instances school personnel have a low fear of victimization and subsequently do not engage in personal avoidance activities in particular social settings, with the exception of a small number of males who reported avoiding current and former students in restaurants. Furthermore, the majority of school personnel did not report the use of personal protection measures or concerns related to the safety of their children and/or significant others or spouses. An agenda for future research is discussed.

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Evaluation outcomes of self-defense training for women: A review

Cited by 92 publications

References 45 publications

Developing a Risk Model to Target High-Risk Preventive Interventions for Sexual Assault Victimization Among Female U.S. Army Soldiers

Developing a Risk Model to Target High-Risk Preventive Interventions for Sexual Assault Victimization Among Female U.S. Army Soldiers

Sexual violence in the lives of first-year university women in Canada: no improvements in the 21st century

Consequences of School Violence: Personal Coping and Protection Measures by School Personnel in Their Personal Lives

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