Evaluation Performance of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Prepared by Two Different Polymerization Method for Atenolol Recognition in Human Plasma

Rahayu

Pratiwi

et al. 2019

Heliyon

Self Cite

Atenolol (ATE) is a cardio-selective β-blocker that is used in the treatment of hypertension over extended periods. However, ATE, like propranolol, has major potential for misuse as a performance-enhancing drug in several sports. Therefore, an efficient and selective separation method is required to detect and monitor the level of ATE in the body. This paper presents a molecularly imprinted polymer with specific and selective binding to ATE using precipitation polymerization. We show that when employed in an optimized molecular imprinted solid phase extraction (MI-SPE) protocol, recoveries of 93.65 ± 1.29% from spiked blood serum with excellent discrimination from other β-blocker drugs is possible. The methodology used in this study includes molecular modeling interaction between ATE and itaconic acid (ITA) as functional monomer, followed by determination of binding constants with spectrophotometry, synthesis of the polymer using precipitation polymerization and ending with characterization and application of polymers to extract ATE in serum. Docking analysis revealed a binding affinity between ATE and ITA of −2.0 kcal/mol with the formation of hydrogen bonding. The association constant between ATE and ITA was studied by UV titration in two different solvents, with evidence of an association constant 6.277 × 10 2 M −1 measured in acetonitrile: methanol (1:1). An optimized MI-SPE protocol was developed for the extraction of ATE from spiked blood serum, obtaining recoveries of 93.65% with excellent selectivity toward other β-blocker drugs.

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction of atenolol from spiked blood serum using a molecularly imprinted polymer sorbent obtained by precipitation polymerization

Rahayu

Pratiwi

et al. 2019

Heliyon

Self Cite

“…In a previous study synthesising MIP with MAA monomers using methanol as a porogen, the resulting adsorption capacity values were still low because the bonds between the analyte and template were not strong [9]. e choice of propanol as a porogen is based on the lower polarity (dielectric constant � 20.1) than methanol (dielectric constant � 33.0); thus, macropores are not formed, and hydrogen bonding is facilitated.…”

Section: Synthesis Of the Imprinted Monolithic Columnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Performance characterisation was carried out on the four monolithic columns using the most optimal mobile phase, followed by determination of the chromatographic parameters. Analysis of atenolol in a previous study used isocratic elution with a mobile phase of methanol: 0.05% TEA pH 3 (15 : 85 v/v) [9]. Chromatographic profiles of the imprinted monolithic column using isocratic elution can be seen in Table 3.…”

Section: Characterisation Of Analytical Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Synthesis and Characterisation of a Monolithic Imprinted Column Using a Methacrylic Acid Monomer with Porogen Propanol for Atenolol Analysis

Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry

Maelaningsih

Apriliandi

et al. 2020

Self Cite

A monolithic imprinted atenolol column was constructed by in situ polymerisation using a methacrylic acid monomer and a 1 : 1 (v/v) porogen of propanol: toluene with two template: monomer: crosslinker combinations, namely, MIP 1 (1 : 4 : 20) and MIP 2 (1 : 5 : 20). Physical characterisation of the monolithic columns consisted of permeability testing, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) testing, surface area analysis (SAA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The permeability value of four monolithic columns was in the good category: MIP 1 (24.01 mD), NIP 1 (56.43 mD), MIP 2 (23.03 mD), and NIP 2 (14.47 mD). The polymerisation process of these four monolithic imprinted columns was carried out perfectly, as shown by the absence of vinyl groups (1000 cm−1 and 900 cm−1) during FTIR testing. Based on SAA testing, the pores of the four polymers were classified as mesopores. The best monolithic column was MIP 1, as seen from the intercolumn and intracolumn reproducibility values and a % RSD <2.0%. The MIP 1 column was selective towards atenolol, as seen from the selectivity factor, imprinting factor (IF), and resolution (Rs) values. The IF values of MIP 1 were atenolol (204.62), metoprolol (3.36), and propranolol (1.27). The Rs value between atenolol and the analogue compounds was 7.23. The MIP 1 column can be used for the analysis of atenolol in blood serum samples with an average percentage recovery rate of 94.88 ± 4.43%.

An Update on the Use of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers in Beta-Blocker Drug Analysis as a Selective Separation Method in Biological and Environmental Analysis

Mutakin

2022

Molecules

Self Cite

Beta-blockers are antihypertensive drugs and can be abused by athletes in some sport competitions; it is therefore necessary to monitor beta-blocker levels in biological samples. In addition, beta-blocker levels in environmental samples need to be monitored to determine whether there are contaminants from the activities of the pharmaceutical industry. Several extraction methods have been developed to separate beta-blocker drugs in a sample, one of which is molecularly imprinted polymer solid-phase extraction (MIP-SPE). MIPs have some advantages, including good selectivity, high affinity, ease of synthesis, and low cost. This review provides an overview of the polymerization methods for synthesizing MIPs of beta-blocker groups. The methods that are still widely used to synthesize MIPs for beta-blockers are the bulk polymerization method and the precipitation polymerization method. MIPs for beta-blockers still need further development, especially since many types of beta-blockers have not been used as templates in the MIP synthesis process and modification of the MIP sorbent is required, to obtain high throughput analysis.