Evaluation Physical Characteristics and Comparison Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammation Potentials of Dental Root Canal Sealers Containing Hinokitiol In Vitro

Abstract

Hinokitiol displays potent antimicrobial activity. It has been used in toothpaste and oral-care gel to improve the oral lichen planus and reduce halitosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of 3 different dental root canal sealers with hinokitiol (sealers+H) and their physical and biological effects. AH Plus (epoxy amine resin-based, AH), Apexit Plus (calcium-hydroxide-based, AP), and Canals (zinc-oxide-eugenol-based, CA), were used in this study. The original AH and CA exhibited strong anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (anti-MRSA) activity, but AP did not. The setting time, working time, flowability, film thickness, and solubility of each sealer+0.2%H complied with ISO 6876:2001. CA+0.2%H exhibited high cytotoxicity, but the others sealers+0.2%H did not. Because hinokitiol combined with Zn2+ in CA creates a synergistic effect. The physical tests of AP+0.5%–1%H complied with ISO 6876:2001, improved antimicrobial activity, inhibited inflammation genes cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) mRNA in MG-63 cells and human gingival fibroblasts (HGF), and down-regulated lysyl oxidase (LOX) mRNA of HGF. In summary, AH and CA demonstrated strong antimicrobial activity, but AP did not. Application of hinokitiol increases AH anti-MRSA activity should less than 0.2% for keep well flowability. AP+0.5%–1% hinokitiol exhibited strong physical, antibacterial, and anti-inflammation potentials, and inhibited S. aureus abscess formation. Applying an appreciable proportion of hinokitiol to epoxy-amine-resin-based and calcium-hydroxide-based root canal sealers is warranted, but the enhanced cytotoxicity and synergistic effect must be considered.

Isoliquiritigenin as a cause of DNA damage and inhibitor of ataxia‐telangiectasia mutated expression leading to G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma

“…Cells were treated with the vehicle alone (0.1% dimethyl sulfoxide) or 1.25 to 200 µM ISL in 10% FBS culture media for 24 hours. The MTT test was conducted according to previously used protocols …”

“…Reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) was used to analyze the mRNA expression. RNA extraction and RT‐PCR were conducted according to previously used protocols . The ATM primers used were those used in a study conducted by Foroughizadeh et al The ATM mRNA expression signals were normalized with those of GAPDH.…”

Hinokitiol ablates myofibroblast activation in precancerous oral submucous fibrosis by targeting Snail

“…Hinokitiol, also known as β‐thujaplicin, is a tropolone‐related natural compound from Chamacyparis taiwanensis. A number of studies have demonstrated that hinokitiol exhibits significant antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities against oral pathogens and oral cancer cells . It has been shown to inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis in various cancer cells .…”

Anti-inflammatory effects of hinokitiol on human corneal epithelial cells: an in vitro study

“…[12][13][14][15] Recent studies reported that Hinokitiol displayed a significant antiinflammatory activity in a series of cells through different mechanisms. 16,17 Owing to the intense research interest surrounding new therapies for DES and the previous promising activity of hinokitiol in inflammatory conditions, it is of great interest to assess whether hinokitiol can display an anti-inflammatory effect on the ocular surface. To the best of our knowledge, previous reports investigating this issue in human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells have not appeared in the literature.…”

“…Furthermore, hinokitiol also exhibited anti-inflammatory activation in MG-63 cells, which led to the downregulation of inflammatory gene mRNA levels for COX-2 and HIF-1α. 17 In rodent models, administration of an IL-1 receptor antagonist provided a significant improvement in ocular surface integrity, increased tear secretion and restored the normal glycosylation pattern of goblet cell mucins. 46 Moreover, the proinflammatory cytokine blocking agent such as Anakinra also provided a novel therapeutic effect in a randomized clinical trial, where it improved corneal fluorescein staining, complete bilateral corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) clearance, and dry eye-related symptoms as measured by the Ocular Surface Disease Index, tearfilm breakup time, and meibomian gland secretion quality, with no reports of a serious adverse reaction.…”