Evaluation The Quality of Raw and Treated Water for Number of Water Treatment Plants in Baghdad, Using a Water Quality Index

Abstract

Laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the quality of drinking water on some water treatment plants in Baghdad (AlKarkh, Shark Dijla, AlWathba, and Alkramh), the samples taken from raw (Tigris River) and treated water. The measurements of some physical and chemical properties taken every month and for eight years in order to evaluate the drinking water quality and efficiency of these plants. The quality of drinking water was calculated by using Canadian model index (Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment) in water quality evaluation, as contributed thirteen variables in the index calculation: the temperature of the water, turbidity, pH, total hardness (as CaCO 3 ), magnesium, calcium, sulfate, iron, fluoride, Nitrate, chloride, color and conductivity. The samples were taken from the treated water that outside from the plant from 2005 to 2013. The study showed that the range of water quality index for raw water is (51-57) and can be classified as a bad water and needs advanced treatment, while the water quality index of treated water was (86, 81,80,80) for (AlKarkh, Shark Dijla, AlWathba and Alkramh) respectively. The water quality index of treated water of (AlKarkh, Shark Dijla, AlWathba and Alkramh) can be classified as Category II ( good).

Water Quality Assessment of AL-Mahawil Stream/Babylon/Iraq Using Canadian Water Quality Index

“…Finally the results in table (2) pointed that the value of the Canadian water quality index that calculation depending on the chemical parameters only showed that the water quality according to the index was 42.69 %, which means the water quality was in the fifth category according to the Canadian classification, which also means that the water quality is poor, and the water quality is almost always threatened or impaired, and the conditions usually depart from natural or desirable levels, and these could be return to the low levels of the stream and the large number of evaporation processes because of high temperature [48], in addition to the increased discharge of wastes that consume oxygen and raise the pH [44]. All that can contribute to decrease the water quality index and pointed to reduce the value of water for direct human using and drinking.…”

“…Table (2,4) showed average values of chemical parameters in three sites on Al-Mahawil stream, where the seasonal average of electrical conductivity (E.C.) were recorded higher concentration in summer (1257) us/cm in site (S2), and lower concentration (887) us/cm in winter in site (S1).…”

“…Because of the important and urgent need to know the quality of water, whether raw, or for drinking, or for irrigation as a reason of direct and indirect impact of human life and other living organisms, for that the need to use reliable index appeared and some of these index internationally approved in evaluating water quality, and among these indicators was the Canadian Water Quality Index, which was used in many studies in evaluating water quality, for example in the study of Nashaat et al [1] the WQI was used to evaluate the quality of al-kufa water river by using four sites on long river after determined some physical and chemicals tests which the results appeared that water quality index for river water was ranges between good and marginal. Other study used WQI to evaluate raw and treated water in Tigris water river and some treatment stations on the same river where the results showed that WQI for raw water was bad and need to advance treatment while treated water samples were good [2]. Another study used WQI to evaluate the quality of tap water in four district (almahawil, almusawab, almoharebeen and aljameeya) in babylon governarate in period from 1/2016 to 3/2016 where the results showed the water quality index was good [3].…”