Evaporation and thermal degradation of tetrabromobisphenol A above the melting point

Marsanich, Katia; Zanelli, S.; Barontini, Federica; Cozzani, Valerio

doi:10.1016/j.tca.2004.03.013

Cited by 53 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…These results are also in accordance with the obtained by other authors (Barontini et al, 2004a;Barontini et al, 2004b;Marsanich et al, 2004), who pointed at these brominated phenols as some of the majority TBBPA degradation products. Some studies (Evans and Dellinger, 2005;Yu et al, 2011) observed some differences in the formation profiles of D/Fs structures from chlorinated and brominated phenols, showing that only brominated phenols with bromine at the ortho-position are capable of forming PBDDs.…”

Section: Brominated Phenolssupporting

confidence: 93%

Formation of brominated pollutants during the pyrolysis and combustion of tetrabromobisphenol A at different temperatures

García

Moltó

Conesa

et al. 2014

Environmental Pollution

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A detailed examination of the degradation products emitted during thermal decomposition of TBBPA is presented. Runs were performed in a laboratory furnace at two different temperatures (650 and 800 ºC) and in two different atmospheres (nitrogen and air). More than one hundred semivolatile compounds have been identified, with special interest in brominated ones. Presence of HBr and brominated light hydrocarbons increased with temperature and in the presence of oxygen. Maximum formation of PAHs is observed at pyrolytic condition at the higher temperature. High levels of 2,4-, 2,6-and 2,4,6-bromophenols were found, which can be explained by the chemical structure of TBBPA. The levels of poly-brominated dioxins and furans have been evaluated, detecting amounts close to the ppm range. CAPSULE ABSTRACTTBBPA mainly decomposes to give HBr and brominated hydrocarbons at high temperature, but high levels of bromophenols and poly-brominated dioxins are also produced.

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Section: Brominated Phenolssupporting

confidence: 93%

Formation of brominated pollutants during the pyrolysis and combustion of tetrabromobisphenol A at different temperatures

García

Moltó

Conesa

et al. 2014

Environmental Pollution

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“…Brominated epoxy resin pyrolyses to form tetrabromobisphenol A, which is then involved in a competition between evaporation and pyrolysis (Barontini and Cozzani, 2006); the thermal decomposition of tetrabromobisphenol A is discussed in detail elsewhere (Barontini et al, 2004a, Barontini et al, 2004b, Marsanich et al, 2004. The printed circuit board pyrolysis oils all contained at least 0.1% 2,6-dibromophenol and at least 0.01% 2,4-dibromophenol as well as trace amounts of tetrabromobisphenol A (table 5).…”

Section: Pyrolysis Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separation and recovery of materials from scrap printed circuit boards

Hall

Williams

2007

Resources, Conservation and Recycling

278

105

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Printed circuit boards from waste computers, televisions, and mobile phones were pyrolysed in a fixed bed reactor with the aim of separating and recovering the organic and metallic materials. A selection of printed circuit boards from each of the three waste classes was pyrolysed at 800°C and the pyrolysis products were analysed using GC-FID, GC-TCD, GC-MS, GC-ECD, ICP-MS, and SEM-EDX. The pyrolysis oils contained high concentrations of phenol, 4-(1-methylethyl)phenol, and phydroxyphenol, as well as bisphenol A, tetrabromobisphenol A, methyl phenols, and bromophenols. The pyrolysis oils also contained significant concentrations of organo -phosphate compounds and a number of tetrabromobisphenol A pyrolysis products were also identified.The pyrolysis residues were very fragile and the organic, glass fibre, and metallic fractions could easily be separated and the electrical components could easily be removed from the remains of the printed circuit boards. The ash in the residue mainly consisted of copper, calcium, iron, nickel, zinc, and aluminium, as well as lower concentrations of valuable metals such as gallium, bismuth, silver, and gold, silver was present in particularly high concentrations. Many other metals were also identified in the ash by ICP-MS and SEM EDX. The pyrolysis gases mainly consisted of CO 2 and CO but all of the C 1 -C 4 alkanes and alkenes were present, as were some inorganic halogens.

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“…During pyrolysis of all the printed circuit boards it was found that the pyrolysis oils contained both TBBPA and its pyrolysis products such as 2,4-dibromophenol. The thermal decomposition and pyrolysis of TBBPA has been discussed in detail by other authors (Barontini et al, 2004a;Barontini et al, 2004b;Marsanich et al, 2004) but it is sufficient to say that at high temperature a competition exists between the evaporation and pyrolysis of TBBPA which results in both TBBPA and its pyrolysis products being present in the pyrolysis oil. A number of phosphated compounds were found in the pyrolysis oils, the most abundant of which was triphenyl phosphate.…”

Section: Pyrolysis Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing waste printed circuit boards for material recovery

Hall

Williams

2007

Circuit World

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Classification: research paper ABSTRACT PurposeWe have investigated the use of pyrolysis for the processing of waste printed circuit boards (PCBs). The aim was to make the process of separating the organic, metallic, and glass fibre fractions of PCBs much easier and therefore make recycling of each PCB fraction more viable. Design/methodology/approach The PCBs were pyrolysed in a fixed bed reactor at 850°C. The organic fraction released by the boards was analysed by a variety of gas chromatography techniques. The residue that remained after pyrolysis was analysed by ICP-MS to determine the type of metals that were present. Findings When PCBs were heated to 800°C in an oxygen free atmosphere, the organic fraction decomposed to form volatile oils and gases leaving behind the metal and glass fibre fraction of the boards. The pyrolysed boards were very friable and the different fractions (metal components, copper power boards, glass fibre, etc) could be easily separated. The recovered metals could then be recycled by traditional routes with particular emphasis being placed on the recovery and recycling of rare and precious metals. The organic oils and gases which are produced during pyrolysis of PCBs can either be used as a chemical feedstock or as a fuel. Research limitations/implicationsThe research was only carried out on a very small scale so an investigation into scale-up must be performed. Practical implications By using pyrolysis, the organic and metallic fraction of printed circuit boards can be separated and recycled. Originality/value This paper presents a novel method for resource recovery from PCBs.

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Evaporation and thermal degradation of tetrabromobisphenol A above the melting point

Cited by 53 publications

References 29 publications

Formation of brominated pollutants during the pyrolysis and combustion of tetrabromobisphenol A at different temperatures

Formation of brominated pollutants during the pyrolysis and combustion of tetrabromobisphenol A at different temperatures

Separation and recovery of materials from scrap printed circuit boards

Processing waste printed circuit boards for material recovery

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