Evaporation of As and Sn from Liquid Iron: Experiments and a Kinetic Model during Top-Blown Oxygen Steelmaking Process

Kim, Dong-Hyun; Park, Won-Bum; Park, Sang-Chae; Kang, Youn-Bae

doi:10.3390/ma15144771

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(125 reference statements)

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“…Conventionally, these tramp elements in the ferrous scrap are removed by preliminary treatments, by shredding, and chlorination in the solid state [28][29]. Once these elements dissolve in the liquid steel, and are distributed into fluxes, they can be evaporated from the liquid steel under different conditions to remove the tramp elements [23,24,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of Wet Chemical Analysis Technique for Tramp Elements (M = As, Pb, Sb, and Sn) in Silver-M Alloys

Park,

Kim,

Kim

et al. 2023

Korean J. Met. Mater.

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Wet chemical analysis techniques for four elements (M = As, Pb, Sb, and Sn) in Ag – M binary alloys were investigated with emphasis on the choice of solvent acid and the characteristic wavelength used in the ICP-AES (Inductively-Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer) analysis. The elements are representative tramp elements in ferrous scrap. The activity of these elements needs to be increased to remove them efficiently during the molten scrap refining process. The activity of these elements in the molten scrap (molten iron alloy) is usually measured by a chemical equilibration technique with molten Ag. Therefore, performing an accurate and reliable chemical analysis of these elements in the molten iron alloy and the molten Ag alloy is important. Preliminary tests using conventional acids (hydrochloric acid, nitric acid) resulted in unreliable results. In the present study, the proper choice of acids as solvents was investigated for each element M in the Ag-M alloys. Several synthesized Ag-M alloys of known compositions were analyzed using two ICP-AES systems independently, for cross-checking. As and Pb in Ag alloys could be successfully dissolved in the nitric acid-based solution. On the other hand, Sb and Sn in Ag alloys did not dissolve in the nitric acid-based solution completely, leaving some precipitates. It was found that the addition of hydrofluoric acid could resolve this problem. In addition to this, the effect of the mass of the Ag-M alloy and wavelength selection during ICP-AES analysis on the accuracy and the reproducibility were investigated. An optimized procedure for the wet chemical analysis of these elements in Ag-M alloys is reported.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The evaporation of Sn and Cu was found to be largely affected by the C and S contents in the liquid iron. Also, a kinetic model was developed for the evaporation of As and Sn in the BOF (Basic Oxygen Furnace) process [38]. It was determined that the evaporation of As was also…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Wet Chemical Analysis Technique for Tramp Elements (M = As, Pb, Sb, and Sn) in Silver-M Alloys

Park,

Kim,

Kim

et al. 2023

Korean J. Met. Mater.

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Modeling Evaporation of Sb from Molten Fe–C–S Alloys for Sustainable Steelmaking Supported by Experiment and Mechanisms Analysis

Park,

Jung,

Kang

2024

Met. Mater. Int.

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Improved Method for Methane Pyrolysis Rate Measurement using Molten Metal Catalysts for Turquoise Hydrogen Production

Wi,

Park,

Lee

et al. 2024

J. Sustain. Metall.

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To develop low-$$\hbox {CO}_2$$ CO 2 emission ferrous metallurgical process, $$\hbox {H}_2$$ H 2 -based ironmaking processes are being actively developed. Several technologies are being developed to provide a sufficient mass of $$\hbox {H}_2$$ H 2 in an environmentally friendly manner. One of such processes is “turquoise” $$\hbox {H}_2$$ H 2 , based on a natural gas pyrolysis such as $$\hbox {CH}_4$$ CH 4 (g) $$\rightarrow $$ → 2$$\hbox {H}_2$$ H 2 (g) + C(s), thereby minimizing $$\hbox {CO}_2$$ CO 2 emission. The reaction could be catalyzed using molten metals in a bubble column reactor. Therefore, the selection of the molten metal catalyst is important for enhancing the reaction efficiency and for minimizing the production cost. In the previous research of the present authors, a new methodology for the pyrolysis rate measurement was introduced by employing an electromagnetic levitation heating of catalytic molten metals followed by quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS) analysis to assist in the selection of the catalyst metal. However, a potential source of error in this technique was identified. Therefore, two modifications of the methodology are reported in the present study: (1) changing the heating and feed gas supply patterns and (2) gas analysis technique from QMS to Gas Chromatography (GC). Accordingly, the reported pyrolysis rate of pure In, Ga, Bi, Sn, and Cu of the previous study was revised in the present study. It was revealed that Ga and In emitted non-negligible amounts of $$\hbox {H}_2$$ H 2 upon heating, even without the fuel gas ($$\hbox {CH}_4$$ CH 4 ). This was regarded as a noise in the $$\hbox {H}_2$$ H 2 signal measured by GC. On the other hand, Cu, Sn, and Bi did not show the noticeable $$\hbox {H}_2$$ H 2 (noise). The modified method provides $$\hbox {H}_2$$ H 2 production rate by the pyrolysis, by separating the noise in the regime of the chemical reaction control at the surface of the molten metals. $$1^\text {st}$$ 1 st -order reaction was confirmed. Graphical Abstract

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Evaporation of As and Sn from Liquid Iron: Experiments and a Kinetic Model during Top-Blown Oxygen Steelmaking Process

Cited by 4 publications

References 33 publications

Development of Wet Chemical Analysis Technique for Tramp Elements (M = As, Pb, Sb, and Sn) in Silver-M Alloys

Development of Wet Chemical Analysis Technique for Tramp Elements (M = As, Pb, Sb, and Sn) in Silver-M Alloys

Modeling Evaporation of Sb from Molten Fe–C–S Alloys for Sustainable Steelmaking Supported by Experiment and Mechanisms Analysis

Improved Method for Methane Pyrolysis Rate Measurement using Molten Metal Catalysts for Turquoise Hydrogen Production

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