Evaporation of traffic-generated nanoparticles during advection from source

Harrison, Roy M.; Jones, Alan M.; Beddows, D. C. S.; Dall’Osto, Manuel; Nikolova, Irina

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.10.077

Cited by 32 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…7) shows the presence of a significant second mode for particles below 14 nm, which may represent the main peak in the nucleation range reported in the literature for aircraft emissions. An apparent shift towards smaller particle sizes can be attributed to evaporative shrinkage of particles before the exhaust plumes reached the sampling site Harrison et al, 2016). In this context, the total number of particles attributed by our study to the aircraft exhaust emissions will be underestimated because the lower limit of detection of SMPS curtails this second peak below 14 nm.…”

Section: Pmf Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Since the sampling site is located downwind of major combustion sources during sea breeze regimes, particles arising from the urban area are sampled on timescales of several minutes after emission and, then, may undergo a substantial evaporative shrinkage resulting in a shift toward smaller sizes. The condensation/evaporation/dilution processes have been demonstrated to be major mechanisms in altering aerosol size distributions after primary particles in the nucleation range are emitted in the atmosphere (Zhang et al, 2004;Harrison et al, 2016); this effect has been observed in heavily developed urban areas, such as London . In addition, the polar plot for factor 1 also shows minor increases towards the airfield for strong winds.…”

Section: Pmf Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Source apportionment of wide range particle size spectra and black carbon collected at the airport of Venice (Italy)

Masiol

Beddows

et al. 2016

Atmospheric Environment

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h i g h l i g h t sParticle number, size and black carbon were measured at the airport of Venice. Data were analysed along with gases, weather parameters and flight traffic. Six potential sources were identified and apportioned by PMF analysis on PNSD. Airport emissions contributed~20% to the total PNC. No specific local sources of BC can be identified as dominant. a b s t r a c t Atmospheric particles are of high concern due to their toxic properties and effects on climate, and large airports are known as significant sources of particles. This study investigates the contribution of the Airport of Venice (Italy) to black carbon (BC), total particle number concentrations (PNC) and particle number size distributions (PNSD) over a large range (14 nme20 mm). Continuous measurements were conducted between April and June 2014 at a site located 110 m from the main taxiway and 300 m from the runway. Results revealed no significantly elevated levels of BC and PNC, but exhibited characteristic diurnal profiles. PNSD were then analysed using both k-means cluster analysis and positive matrix factorization. Five clusters were extracted and identified as midday nucleation events, road traffic, aircraft, airport and nighttime pollution. Six factors were apportioned and identified as probable sources according to the size profiles, directional association, diurnal variation, road and airport traffic volumes and their relationships to micrometeorology and common air pollutants. Photochemical nucleation accounted for~44% of total number, followed by road þ shipping traffic (26%). Airport-related emissions accounted for~20% of total PNC and showed a main mode at 80 nm and a second mode beyond the lower limit of the SMPS (<14 nm). The remaining factors accounted for less than 10% of number counts, but were relevant for total volume concentrations: nighttime nitrate, regional pollution and local resuspension. An analysis of BC levels over different wind sectors revealed no especially significant contributions from specific directions associated with the main local sources, but a potentially significant role of diurnal dynamics of the mixing layer on BC levels. The approaches adopted in this study have identified and apportioned the main sources of particles and BC at an international airport located in area affected by a complex emission scenario. The results may underpin measures for improving local and regional air quality, and health impact assessment studies.

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Section: Pmf Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Pmf Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source apportionment of wide range particle size spectra and black carbon collected at the airport of Venice (Italy)

Masiol

Beddows

et al. 2016

Atmospheric Environment

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“…Work in London has demonstrated the semi-volatility of nucleation mode particles from road traffic 15,19 which comprise mainly semi-volatile organic compounds deriving from unburned diesel fuel and lubricating oil. 20 Such particles are liable to shrink by evaporation as they advect into cleaner air within the urban environment and are largely absent from particle size distributions measured at surrounding rural sites.…”

Section: Consequences Of Urban Atmospheric Properties the Points Raismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Box 2 shows how nitrate radical is formed from the reaction of nitrogen dioxide with ozone and is likely to take place in elevated layers of the atmosphere as nitrogen dioxide emitted or formed close to the surface mixes with ozone-rich air from aloft to form the nitrate radical 15 which will not readily form close to ground-level because of its reaction with nitric oxide which is a direct emission from road traffic. Box 2 shows the chemical reactions involved as well as citing some predicted and measured concentrations of the nitrate radical.…”

Section: Chemical Reaction Processes In the Urban Atmospherementioning

confidence: 99%

Urban atmospheric chemistry: a very special case for study

Harrison

2018

npj Clim Atmos Sci

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Studies of the chemistry of the urban atmosphere provide special challenges which arise from the high density of emissions, strong concentration gradients and relatively high pollutant concentrations. In contrast to the regional and global atmosphere, local dispersion processes play a much larger role in determining atmospheric concentrations and also have a substantial effect on chemical transformations. On the other hand, residence times in the urban atmosphere are relatively short, hence limiting the range of chemical reaction processes which are significant. Some key species such as the hydroxyl radical have different predominant source processes in the urban and the regional atmosphere. A case is made that the differences are so large that urban atmospheric chemistry needs to be given special treatment and cannot simply be considered as subtlely different from regional and global atmosphere studies.

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“…This result is not surprising in areas where heavy traffic is widespread, as particles may undergo condensation, agglomeration, evaporation and dilution processes, and, consequently, they may change modal characteristics in time and space. Such atmospheric processes are the main mechanisms reshaping PNSDs after primary exhaust is emitted into the atmosphere, and they have been discussed in several studies (Shi et al, 1999;Kim et al, 2004;Zhang et al, 2005;Zhou et al, 2005;Kulmala and Kerminen, 2008;Zhang et al, 2011;Harrison et al, 2016).…”

Section: Warm Seasonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources of sub-micrometre particles near a major international airport

Masiol

Harrison

et al. 2017

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. The international airport of Heathrow is a major source of nitrogen oxides, but its contribution to the levels of sub-micrometre particles is unknown and is the objective of this study. Two sampling campaigns were carried out during warm and cold seasons at a site close to the airfield (1.2 km). Size spectra were largely dominated by ultrafine particles: nucleation particles (< 30 nm) were found to be ∼ 10 times higher than those commonly measured in urban background environments of London. Five clusters and six factors were identified by applying k means cluster analysis and positive matrix factorisation (PMF), respectively, to particle number size distributions; their interpretation was based on their modal structures, wind directionality, diurnal patterns, road and airport traffic volumes, and on the relationship with weather and other air pollutants. Airport emissions, fresh and aged road traffic, urban accumulation mode, and two secondary sources were then identified and apportioned. The fingerprint of Heathrow has a characteristic modal structure peaking at < 20 nm and accounts for 30-35 % of total particles in both the seasons. Other main contributors are fresh (24-36 %) and aged (16-21 %) road traffic emissions and urban accumulation from London (around 10 %). Secondary sources accounted for less than 6 % in number concentrations but for more than 50 % in volume concentration. The analysis of a strong regional nucleation event showed that both the cluster categorisation and PMF contributions were affected during the first 6 h of the event. In 2016, the UK government provisionally approved the construction of a third runway; therefore the direct and indirect impact of Heathrow on local air quality is expected to increase unless mitigation strategies are applied successfully.

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Evaporation of traffic-generated nanoparticles during advection from source

Cited by 32 publications

References 24 publications

Source apportionment of wide range particle size spectra and black carbon collected at the airport of Venice (Italy)

Source apportionment of wide range particle size spectra and black carbon collected at the airport of Venice (Italy)

Urban atmospheric chemistry: a very special case for study

Sources of sub-micrometre particles near a major international airport

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