Evaporation variability under climate warming in five reanalyses and its association with pan evaporation over China

Su, Tao; Feng, Tian; Feng, Guolin

doi:10.1002/2014jd023040

Cited by 49 publications

(49 citation statements)

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“…The variability of evaporation in JRA55 has been evaluated by Su et al . []. The evaporation in JRA55 has a high performance in capturing the observed variability in arid and semiarid China (especially at the interdecadal timescale), although it, as well as Japanese 25 year Reanalysis, has some inaccuracies over eastern China when focusing on the interannual variation [ Liu et al ., ; Su et al ., ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why was the arid and semiarid northwest China getting wetter in the recent decades?

2017

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The arid and semiarid northwest China has experienced a significant wetting trend in summer during 1961–2010, but the reasons remain ambiguous. In this study, moisture budget analysis is employed to quantify the contributions of different factors to the wetting trend. The results show that more than 50% of the increasing precipitation is balanced by the increased evaporation. The convergence of moisture flux (the sum of horizontal moisture advection and wind convergence terms) has a significant positive contribution to the wetting trend. The increased net surface radiation, which is contributed by the increased downward longwave radiation, supplies more energy to favor the evaporation process of vaporization. The moisture flux convergence is further separated into thermodynamic component in association with changes in specific humidity and dynamic component due to changes in atmospheric circulation. The thermodynamic contribution to the wetting trend is induced by the increased specific humidity which is associated with enhanced evaporation. The dynamic contribution is dominated by an anomalous cyclone over central Asia. The anomalous cyclone is related with intensified horizontal vorticity advection which is associated with a significant southward displacement of Asian subtropical westerly jet. The results indicate that the changes of evaporation against the background of global warming deserve more attention in projecting the climate change in arid and semiarid regions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why was the arid and semiarid northwest China getting wetter in the recent decades?

2017

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“…ERA-Interim shows the highest fidelity among reanalyses in terms of reproducing the EA monsoon precipitation climatology and its interannual variability (Lin et al 2014). When comparing the evaporation in reanalyses to observations over China (Su et al 2015), ERA-Interim produced a reasonable estimate in both the spatial pattern and interannual variations.…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 89%

The contributions of local and remote atmospheric moisture fluxes to East Asian precipitation and its variability

et al. 2018

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We investigate the contribution of the local and remote atmospheric moisture fluxes to East Asia (EA) precipitation and its interannual variability during 1979-2012. We use and expand the Brubaker et al. (J Clim 6:1077(J Clim 6: -1089(J Clim 6: ,1993) method, which connects the area-mean precipitation to area-mean evaporation and the horizontal moisture flux into the region. Due to its large landmass and hydrological heterogeneity, EA is divided into five sub-regions: Southeast (SE), Tibetan Plateau (TP), Central East (CE), Northwest (NW) and Northeast (NE). For each region, we first separate the contributions to precipitation of local evaporation from those of the horizontal moisture flux by calculating the precipitation recycling ratio: the fraction of precipitation over a region that originates as evaporation from the same region. Then, we separate the horizontal moisture flux across the region's boundaries by direction. We estimate the contributions of the horizontal moisture fluxes from each direction, as well as the local evaporation, to the mean precipitation and its interannual variability. We find that the major contributors to the mean precipitation are not necessarily those that contribute most to the precipitation interannual variability. Over SE, the moisture flux via the southern boundary dominates the mean precipitation and its interannual variability. Over TP, in winter and spring, the moisture flux via the western boundary dominates the mean precipitation; however, variations in local evaporation dominate the precipitation interannual variability. The western moisture flux is the dominant contributor to the mean precipitation over CE, NW and NE. However, the southern or northern moisture flux or the local evaporation dominates the precipitation interannual variability over these regions, depending on the season. Potential mechanisms associated with interannual variability in the moisture flux are identified for each region. The methods and results presented in this study can be readily applied to model simulations, to identify simulation biases in precipitation that relate to the simulated moisture supplies and transport.

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“…In this paper, AE_Budyko is mainly used as the reference to evaluate the performances of the six reanalysis data sets in reproducing the interannual variation and long‐term trend in AE. To maintain the simplicity of the model, we use the recommended default value for n (i.e., 1.8) across all of China (Choudhury, ; Su, Feng, & Feng, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Substantial attention has also been paid to AE values derived from reanalysis data sets. Su, Feng, and Feng (), Su, Feng, Zhou, et al () used reanalyses to examine AE variability over China with respect to climate change and found that the relationship between AE and pan evaporation was complementary with water control and proportional to energy control. Mao and Wang () compared three evapotranspiration data sets for China based on surface water balance values, a modified Penman‐Monteith (MPM) model, and reanalysis data and concluded that reanalysis evapotranspiration variables are consistent with MPM estimates in terms of spatial patterns, interannual variability, and temporal trends at the station scale.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Characteristics of Actual Evapotranspiration Over China Under Global Warming

Feng

et al. 2018

JGR Atmospheres

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In this study, an assessment is made of the trends of actual evapotranspiration (AE) over China under global warming from an ensemble of the following data sets: National Centers for Environmental Prediction‐National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalysis I, National Centers for Environmental Prediction‐Department of Energy reanalysis II, Modern‐Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA), MERRA Version 2, European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts Interim Re‐Analysis, and Japanese 55‐year Reanalysis. For China as a whole, annual AE exhibited a significant increasing trend from 1979 to 2015, and the rate of increase was highest in autumn and lowest in summer. By subdividing China into six climatic regions using the aridity index, significant increasing trends in AE are found over the hyperarid, arid, and humid regions, but slightly decrease over the dry subhumid and subhumid regions. For the hyperarid and arid regions, the increases in potential evapotranspiration and the water supply from melting glaciers due to both climate warming and human activities might be the main contributors to the AE increases. An increase in potential evapotranspiration driven by global warming is the main cause of the increased AE over the humid region. On a seasonal basis, most AE over China occurs in summer. However, increasing AE trends have been observed mainly in autumn and winter, and the increase is statistically significant over all of China's six climatic regions in winter. In view of data availability, reanalyses are compared with the results from Mezentsev‐Choudhury‐Yang equation (AE_Budyko). The correlations between individual reanalyses and AE_Budyko tend to be higher over the arid region.

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Evaporation variability under climate warming in five reanalyses and its association with pan evaporation over China

Cited by 49 publications

References 44 publications

Why was the arid and semiarid northwest China getting wetter in the recent decades?

Why was the arid and semiarid northwest China getting wetter in the recent decades?

The contributions of local and remote atmospheric moisture fluxes to East Asian precipitation and its variability

Temporal Characteristics of Actual Evapotranspiration Over China Under Global Warming

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