Evaporative and Exhaust Emissions from Cars Fueled with Gasoline Containing Ethanol or Methyl tert-Butyl Ether

Furey, Robert; King, Jack B.

doi:10.4271/800261

Cited by 38 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Cases 5 and 6 (which have water injection) indicate relative reductions of 10.4% and 25.3% in NOx emissions, respectively. The ethanol content itself demonstrated a decrease in NOx emission; this observation is consistent with some of the previous studies [10][11][12][13][14] and is primarily due to high heat of vaporization of ethanol compared to gasoline, which decreases the charge temperature [15].…”

Section: Combustion E Ciencysupporting

confidence: 80%

“…This was attributed to a faster ame speed, which produced a higher peak pressure and, therefore, a higher peak temperature in the combustion process. However, there are some discrepancies in the literature on the e ect of ethanol on NOx emissions of SI engines [10], and there are a number of other studies that have demonstrated a reduction in NOx emissions using ethanol gasoline blends [11][12][13][14]. This has been attributed to high heat of vaporization of ethanol compared to gasoline, which decreases the charge temperature and reduces thermal NOx formation [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

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Performance and emissions optimization of an ethanol-gasoline fueled SI engine with oxygen enrichment using artificial bee colony algorithm

2017

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Abstract. The use of arti cial neural network in conjunction with arti cial bee colony algorithm is proposed as a method for performance and emissions optimization of an SI engine. The case study here involves the oxygen enriched combustion of an SI engine fueled with hydrous ethanol and gasoline. In this study, the engine was considered as a black box and its performance and emissions were extracted experimentally at di erent intake air oxygen concentrations, hydrous ethanol injection rates, and ethanol concentration in the hydrous ethanol mixture. Then, the simultaneous injection of hydrous ethanol and oxygen enriched combustion was investigated to maximize the fuel conversion e ciency and minimize the CO and NOx emissions. Therefore, an objective function consisting of both the emission and performance parameters was optimized using the Arti cial Bee Colony algorithm. The engine model used in this optimization process was obtained from an Arti cial Neural Network trained with experimental engine data. For operating speed of 3000 rpm, the optimization results indicated 1.21% improvement in fuel conversion e ciency and 31.11% and 13.94% reduction in CO and NOx emissions, respectively. At the speed of 2000 rpm, fuel conversion e ciency improved by 4.11% and CO emission decreased by 18.73%, while NOx concentration increased by 28.35%.

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Section: Combustion E Ciencysupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Performance and emissions optimization of an ethanol-gasoline fueled SI engine with oxygen enrichment using artificial bee colony algorithm

2017

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“…RVP for ethanol blends, as discussed above, is reasonably correlated empirically. Addition of 10 vol.% ethanol to an RBOB will increase the RVP and thus increase evaporative emissions [16]. Also, as described above, commingling ethanol blends resulting in higher RVP is an issue that needs to be addressed.…”

Section: Evaporative Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Phase equilibria of ethanol fuel blends

French

Malone

2005

Fluid Phase Equilibria

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“…Interestingly, in a lowertemperature SHED diurnal cycle test, from 40° to 64°F, ethanol concentration in the total evaporative emission was about 13.8 percent, 14 which is similar to the results reported here. Ethanol evaporative emission concentration values obtained for other SHED tests include 1.9 percent in a diurnal emission from a 10-vol% ethanol blend, 4 and range from 11 to 20 percent in combined diurnal and hot soak emissions from 8.1-and 6.2-vol% ethanol blends, 16 and from 5 to 16 percent for combined diurnal and hot soak emissions with 10.0 vol% ethanol blends. 17 In addition, the ethanol concentration in a laboratory-simulated diurnal evaporative emission (without a canister) was reported as 7.6 percent.…”

Section: 87mentioning

confidence: 91%

“…17 In addition, the ethanol concentration in a laboratory-simulated diurnal evaporative emission (without a canister) was reported as 7.6 percent. 4 Primarily because of polarity-related effects on evaporation and subsequent condensation and possible polarity-related effects on activated carbon adsorbance, accurate recovery and quantitation of ethanol in gasoline evaporative emissions can be difficult under the best of analytical conditions. The narrow variation and good reproducibility of the ethanol evaporative emission concentration values in Table II provide a credible indication of how E10 fuels evaporate.…”

Section: 87mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gasoline Evaporation–Ethanol and Nonethanol Blends

Aulich

Grisanti

et al. 1994

Air & Waste

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Tests were performed to compare the evaporation rate of 10 volume percent (vol%) ethanol-blended gasoline (E10) with the evaporation rate of its base gasoline. Weight loss, temperature, pressure, and humidity were monitored as lab-blended E10 and base gasolines were evaporated concurrently from glass cylinders placed on balances located side by side under an exhaust hood. The averaged results of four tests at about 70°F showed that the E10 lost more total weight to evaporation than the base fuel, but less gasoline. The increased weight was due to ethanol, which was present in the E10 evaporative emissions at concentrations of about 13 weight percent (wt%). In two-hour tests at temperatures near 70°F, during which 4.5 to 5.3 wt% of initial fuel samples were evaporated, E10 fuels lost an average of about 5% less gasoline than their base fuels. A similar result was obtained for a one-hour test, during which about 2.4 to 2.5 wt% of the initial fuel samples were evaporated. Gas chromatography (GC) component analysis indicated that the compositions of the ethanol-free emissions from the two fuels were similar. Reid vapor pressure (RVP) measurements made using a Grabner CCA-VPS according to ASTM D5191-91 indicated that E10 fuels underwent an approximate 5% greater RVP reduction than their respective base fuels.

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Evaporative and Exhaust Emissions from Cars Fueled with Gasoline Containing Ethanol or Methyl tert-Butyl Ether

Cited by 38 publications

References 11 publications

Performance and emissions optimization of an ethanol-gasoline fueled SI engine with oxygen enrichment using artificial bee colony algorithm

Performance and emissions optimization of an ethanol-gasoline fueled SI engine with oxygen enrichment using artificial bee colony algorithm

Phase equilibria of ethanol fuel blends

Gasoline Evaporation–Ethanol and Nonethanol Blends

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