Evaporative water loss in bats

Studier, Eugene H.

doi:10.1016/0010-406x(70)90087-3

Cited by 66 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Increasing all the temperatures of the hourly T a curve we used by 5ЊC, for instance, would lead to a sunrise-to-sunset TEWL of 12.7 g H 2 O, or 15.1% of a bat's M b , which suggests that, in areas where T a exceeds 40ЊC, the fruit bats would be at the very edge of their ability to maintain T b by evaporative cooling. Although previous studies suggest that dehydration equivalent to 23%-32% of M b is lethal for bats (Studier 1970), these values were as-sociated with chronic dehydration at mild T a and are probably not applicable to conditions of rapid dehydration during acute heat stress.…”

mentioning

confidence: 73%

“…In bats, evaporation may constitute 80%-85% of overall water flux (Studier 1970;Arad and Korine 1993;Bassett et al 2009) and has particular thermoregulatory significance for insectivorous species roosting in hot microsites (Maloney et al 1999;Marom et al 2006;Cory Toussaint and McKechnie 2012). Relatively little is known about rates of respiratory evaporation versus cutaneous evaporation in bats (Bassett et al 2009), particularly compared with birds, where it is well established that the relative importance of REWL and CEWL for thermoregulation at air temperatures (T a ) approaching and exceeding T b varies widely among orders (Wolf and Walsberg 1996;Tieleman and Williams 2002;McKechnie and Wolf 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bats that spend much of their time in hot roosts, especially during summer, likely lose substantial fractions of their total body water daily (Studier 1970;Maloney et al 1999). To estimate how much of the total daily water turnover of Wahlberg's epauletted fruit bats is evaporative in hot weather at our study site, we obtained hourly weather records for a week of unusually high T a in Pretoria during November 2012 (data from weather station Pretoria UNISA, South African Weather Service).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Partitioning of Evaporative Water Loss into Respiratory and Cutaneous Pathways in Wahlberg's Epauletted Fruit Bats (Epomophorus wahlbergi)

Minnaar¹,

Bennett²,

Chimimba³

et al. 2014

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology

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The relative contributions of respiratory and cutaneous evaporation to total evaporative water loss (TEWL) and how the partitioning of these two avenues varies with environmental temperature has received little attention in bats. We trained Wahlberg's epauletted fruit bats (Epomophorus wahlbergi) captured in Pretoria, South Africa, to wear latex masks while hanging in respirometry chambers, and we measured respiratory evaporative water loss (REWL) and cutaneous evaporative water loss (CEWL) over air temperatures (T a ) from 10Њ to 40ЊC. The bats' normothermic body temperature (T b ) was approximately 36ЊC, which increased at higher T a to 40.5Њ ‫ע‬ 1.0ЊC at T a ≈ 40ЊC. Both TEWL and resting metabolic rate (RMR) increased sharply at T a 135ЊC, with a mean TEWL at 40ЊC equivalent to 411% of that at 30ЊC. The increase in TEWL was driven by large increases in both CEWL and REWL. CEWL comprised more than 50% of TEWL over the entire T a range, with the exception of T a ≈ 40ЊC, where REWL accounted for 58% of evaporative water loss. Surface area-specific CEWL increased approximately sixfold with increasing T a . Thermoregulation at T a approaching or exceeding T b involved a considerable energetic cost, with RMR at T a ≈ 40ЊC exceeding by 24% that measured at T a ≈ 10ЊC. Our data do not support recent arguments that respiratory gas exchange across the wing membranes represents 5%-10% of the total in E. wahlbergi.

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confidence: 73%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Partitioning of Evaporative Water Loss into Respiratory and Cutaneous Pathways in Wahlberg's Epauletted Fruit Bats (Epomophorus wahlbergi)

Minnaar¹,

Bennett²,

Chimimba³

et al. 2014

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology

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“…There are several potential explanations for higher rates of water loss in males, including sex differences in breathing rate, body size and metabolism. Among similarly sized mammals, bats exhibit high rates of transepidermal and respiratory water loss because of their relatively large wing membranes and lungs (Bassett, 1980;Hattingh, 1972;Licht and Leitner, 1967;Studier, 1970). Among these routes of water loss, respiratory losses are probably the highest (Kurta, 1985).…”

Section: Sex Differences In Evaporative Water Loss Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in the thermoregulation and evaporative water loss of a heterothermic bat,Lasiurus cinereus,during its spring migration

Cryan

Wolf

2003

Journal of Experimental Biology

127

101

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SUMMARYThis study quantifies sex differences in thermoregulation and water loss of a small (20-35 g) insectivorous heterothermic mammal, the hoary bat Lasiurus cinereus, during its spring migration. We measured body temperature, metabolic rate and evaporative water loss, and calculated wet thermal conductance, for bats exposed to air temperatures ranging from 0 to 40°C for periods of 2-5 h. Pregnant females maintained normothermic body temperatures (35.7±0.7°C; mean ± s.e.m.)independent of air temperature. In contrast, males became torpid during the majority (68%) of exposures to air temperatures <25°C. The thermal neutral zone (TNZ) ranged between approximately 30°C and 34°C in both sexes and, within the TNZ, females had lower mass-specific metabolic rates(6.1±0.2 mW g-1) than males (9.0±0.9 mW g-1). Wet thermal conductance values in torpid bats (0.7±0.5 mW g-1 deg.-1) were lower than those of normothermic individuals (1.1±0.3 mW g-1 deg.-1). Mass-specific rates of evaporative water loss in males were consistently higher than in females at most air temperatures and rates of water loss in torpid bats were 63±6% of normothermic values. These results suggest that male and pregnant female L. cinereus employ different thermoregulatory strategies during their spring migration. Females defend normothermic body temperatures, presumably to expedite embryonic growth, while males use torpor, presumably to minimize energy and water deficits. These variable thermoregulatory strategies may reflect continental differences in the summer distribution of the sexes.

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“…A rough estimate of water loss per day can be made by assuming a daily loss of 2.66 cm3 due to evaporation (Studier, 1970), 0.08 cm3 in urine production (Studier, unpublished), and O-12 cm3 in feces (assuming feces to be 50 per cent water). The total estimated water loss, 2.86 cm3/day, approximates the water gain.…”

Section: Water Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

Energy utilization and water requirements of captive Myotis thysanodes and Myotis lucifugus (Chiroptera)

O’Farrell

Studier

Ewing

1971

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology

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Evaporative water loss in bats

Cited by 66 publications

References 17 publications

Partitioning of Evaporative Water Loss into Respiratory and Cutaneous Pathways in Wahlberg's Epauletted Fruit Bats (Epomophorus wahlbergi)

Partitioning of Evaporative Water Loss into Respiratory and Cutaneous Pathways in Wahlberg's Epauletted Fruit Bats (Epomophorus wahlbergi)

Sex differences in the thermoregulation and evaporative water loss of a heterothermic bat,Lasiurus cinereus,during its spring migration

Energy utilization and water requirements of captive Myotis thysanodes and Myotis lucifugus (Chiroptera)

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