Evasion of Antiviral Innate Immunity by Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus

Wang, Tong-Yun; Sun, Ming-Xia; Zhang, Hongliang; Gang, Wang; Zhan, Guoqiang; Tian, Zhen; Cai, Xuehui; Su, Chenhe; Tang, Yan-Dong

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.693799

Cited by 30 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 143 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a swine disease that is characterized by reproductive disorders and respiratory diseases and has a significant economic impact on the swine industry [ 8 , 9 ]. The etiological pathogenic agent of PRRS is the PRRS virus (PRRSV) [ 10 , 11 ], a positive-stranded RNA virus that is classified within the family Arteriviridae of the order Nidovirales [ 12 , 13 ]. PRRS emerged almost simultaneously in North America and Europe in the late 1980s and then spread quickly to other parts of the world within a few years [ 14 – 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimized protocol for double vaccine immunization against classical swine fever and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome

Liu

Shan

et al. 2023

BMC Vet Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Classical swine fever and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome have seriously affected the development of the swine breeding industry in China. Vaccine immunization remains the main way to prevent these infections. The aim of this study was to establish an optimized protocol for vaccine immunization against classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Methods Blood samples were collected from the anterior vena cava of pigs after immunization, and blood indices, secreted levels of specific antibodies and neutralizing antibodies associated with humoral immunity, the proliferation capacity of T lymphocytes as a measure of cellular immunity, and secreted levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α were determined. Results The results showed that simultaneous immunization against CSFV and PRRSV infections induced strong and specific humoral and T-cellular immune responses, high levels of cytokine IFN-γ secretion and delayed secretion of cytokine TNF-α. Moreover, significantly higher lymphocyte percentages and red blood cell and leukocyte counts were found in the group simultaneously immunized against CSFV and PRRSV. However, no statistically significant differences were observed in hemoglobin values, neutrophil counts, and median cell percentages among the S + PRRS, PRRS-S, and S-PRRS groups. Conclusion This study demonstrated that simultaneous immunization against CSFV and PRRSV had the advantages of inducing a rapid, enhanced, and long-lasting immune response. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the establishment of a reasonable and optimized vaccine immunization protocol against CSFV and PRRSV in combination with a variety of other vaccine inoculations.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimized protocol for double vaccine immunization against classical swine fever and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome

Liu

Shan

et al. 2023

BMC Vet Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As a critical pathway in the anti-PRRSV process, cytokines, especially the IFN-mediated JAK–STAT pathway, have been extensively studied ( Huang et al, 2015 ). IFN-I activated by several transcription factors such as NF-κB and IRFs triggers the production of numerous ISGs through this pathway, yet PRRSV can counteract it through viral proteins ( Schoggins and Rice, 2011 ; Wang et al, 2021 ). In the present study, both IFN-ALPHAOMEGA and IFNB1 were extremely significantly up-regulated (LFCs >5) at three timepoints after YC-2020 infection, which has been detected in some previous RNA-Seqs toward PRRSV-2 infection ( Lim et al, 2020 ; Chaudhari et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The transcriptional characteristics of NADC34-like PRRSV in porcine alveolar macrophages

Wang

Ma²,

Zhang³

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The widespread and endemic circulation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) cause persistent financial losses to the swine industry worldwide. In 2017, NADC34-like PRRSV-2 emerged in northeastern China and spread rapidly. The dynamics analysis of immune perturbations associated with novel PRRSV lineage is still incomplete. This study performed a time-course transcriptome sequencing of NADC34-like PRRSV strain YC-2020-infected porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) and compared them with JXA1-infected PAMs. The results illustrated dramatic changes in the host’s differentially expressed genes (DEGs) presented at different timepoints after PRRSV infection, and the expression profile of YC-2020 group is distinct from that of JXA1 group. Functional enrichment analysis showed that the expression of many inflammatory cytokines was up-regulated following YC-2020 infection but at a significantly lower magnitude than JXA1 group, in line with the trends for most interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) and their regulators. Meanwhile, numerous components of histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and phagosome presented a stronger transcription suppression after the YC-2020 infection. All results imply that YC-2020 may induce milder inflammatory responses, weaker antiviral processes, and more severe disturbance of antigen processing and presentation compared with HP-PRRSV. Additionally, LAPTM4A, GLMP, and LITAF, which were selected from weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), could significantly inhibit PRRSV proliferation. This study provides fundamental data for understanding the biological characteristics of NADC34-like PRRSV and new insights into PRRSV evolution and prevention.

show abstract

“…After RIG-I and MDA5 bind to RNA, it leads to the activation of a signaling cascade and recruits downstream ligand, mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS, also known as IPS-1/VISA/Cardif), to activate IRF3 and NF-κB. RIG-I, MDA5 of porcine, two important sensors, interact with MAVS, the downstream adaptor, to activate the innate immune antiviral response during infection ( 38 , 39 ). Of course, other different adaptors were also recruited.…”

Section: Evasion Of Prr Signaling Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

The game between host antiviral innate immunity and immune evasion strategies of senecavirus A - A cell biological perspective

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Innate immunity is the first line of the cellular host to defend against viral infection. Upon infection, viruses can be sensed by the cellular host’s pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), leading to the activation of the signaling cascade and the robust production of interferons (IFNs) to restrict the infection and replication of the viruses. However, numerous cunning viruses have evolved strategies to evade host innate immunity. The senecavirus A (SVA) is a newly identified member of the Picornaviridae family, causing severe vesicular or ulcerative lesions on the oral mucosa, snout, coronary bands, and hooves of pigs of different ages. During SVA infection, the cellular host will launch the innate immune response and various physiological processes to restrict SVA. In contrast, SVA has evolved several strategies to evade the porcine innate immune responses. This review focus on the underlying mechanisms employed by SVA to evade pattern recognition receptor signaling pathways, type I interferon (IFN-α/β) receptor (IFNAR) signaling pathway, interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) and autophagy, and stress granules. Deciphering the antiviral immune evasion mechanisms by SVA will enhance our understanding of SVA’s pathogenesis and provide insights into developing antiviral strategies and improving vaccines.

show abstract

Evasion of Antiviral Innate Immunity by Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus

Cited by 30 publications

References 143 publications

Optimized protocol for double vaccine immunization against classical swine fever and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome

Optimized protocol for double vaccine immunization against classical swine fever and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome

The transcriptional characteristics of NADC34-like PRRSV in porcine alveolar macrophages

The game between host antiviral innate immunity and immune evasion strategies of senecavirus A - A cell biological perspective

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About