Evasion strategies of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

Chen, Xinxin; Qiao, Songlin; Li, Rui; Wang, Jing; Li, Xuewu; Zhang, Gaiping

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1140449

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 131 publications

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“…Interferon and proinflammatory cytokines are particularly prominent in suppressing pathogens. RIG-I-like signaling and NF-κB signaling are the common pathways that produce type I interferon and proinflammatory cytokines [ 34 ]. In order to identify whether bergamottin had an influence on these pathways and cytokines, we detected phosphorylated IRF3 and NF-κB p65 nuclear translocations, which represent RIG-I and NF-κB pathways, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bergamottin Inhibits PRRSV Replication by Blocking Viral Non-Structural Proteins Expression and Viral RNA Synthesis

Zhu

Chen

et al. 2023

Viruses

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The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes economic losses in the swine industry worldwide. However, current vaccines cannot provide effective protection against PRRSV, and PRRSV-specific treatments for infected herds are still unavailable. In this study, we found that bergamottin showed strong inhibitory effects against PRRSV replication. Bergamottin inhibited PRRSV at the stage of the replication cycle. Mechanically, bergamottin promoted the activation of IRF3 and NF-κB signaling, leading to the increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines and interferon, which inhibited viral replication to some extent. In addition, bergamottion could reduce the expression of the non-structural proteins (Nsps), leading to the interruption of replication and transcription complex (RTC) formation and viral dsRNA synthesis, ultimately restraining PRRSV replication. Our study identified that bergamottin possesses potential value as an antiviral agent against PRRSV in vitro.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bergamottin Inhibits PRRSV Replication by Blocking Viral Non-Structural Proteins Expression and Viral RNA Synthesis

Zhu

Chen

et al. 2023

Viruses

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“…On the other hand, in response to the pathogen, the host also initiates complex antiviral immune responses to counteract the infectious agent. During PRRSV infection, the virus adeptly navigates the intricacies of the host immune system, demonstrating a remarkable capacity to evade host antiviral responses from both the innate and adaptive immune systems ( 17 , 22 ). Furthermore, host can block the entry of PRRSV into cells through cellular receptors or factors ( 4 ).…”

Section: The Battle Between Prrsv and Hostmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, understanding the biological functions of miRNAs and the mechanism of their actions will be instrumental in drug development and disease control. The effect of miRNAs can be either supportive of the virus (proviral) or antiviral ( 17 ). On one hand, certain host miRNAs may function as antiviral factors suppressing PRRSV replication by directly targeting the PRRSV genome or host factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of microRNAs in host defense against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection: a hidden front line

Huang,

Liu

2024

Front. Immunol.

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Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is one of the most globally devastating viruses threatening the swine industry worldwide. Substantial advancements have been achieved in recent years towards comprehending the pathogenesis of PRRSV infection and the host response, involving both innate and adaptive immune responses. Not only a multitude of host proteins actively participate in intricate interactions with viral proteins, but microRNAs (miRNAs) also play a pivotal role in the host response to PRRSV infection. If a PRRSV–host interaction at the protein level is conceptualized as the front line of the battle between pathogens and host cells, then their fight at the RNA level resembles the hidden front line. miRNAs are endogenous small non-coding RNAs of approximately 20–25 nucleotides (nt) that primarily regulate the degradation or translation inhibition of target genes by binding to the 3’-untranslated regions (UTRs). Insights into the roles played by viral proteins and miRNAs in the host response can enhance our comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of PRRSV infection. The intricate interplay between viral proteins and cellular targets during PRRSV infection has been extensively explored. This review predominantly centers on the contemporary understanding of the host response to PRRSV infection at the RNA level, in particular, focusing on the twenty-six miRNAs that affect viral replication and the innate immune response.

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“…Upon infection, the host′s innate immune response is initiated by various pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). PRRs recognize and bind to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), triggering a signaling cascade that ultimately leads to the production of type I interferon and other inflammatory cytokines ( Zhu and Zheng, 2020 ; Roetman et al., 2022 ; Chen et al., 2023 ). The major PRRs for sensing RNA viruses are Toll-like Receptors (TLRs), RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) and NOD-like receptors (NLRs)( Chow et al., 2018 ; Wang et al., 2021b ).…”

Section: Bvdv Evades Host Innate Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune evasion strategies of bovine viral diarrhea virus

Pang,

Long,

Wei

2023

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a significant pathogen that causes great economic losses in the global livestock industry. During the long-term interactions between BVDV and its hosts, the virus has evolved multiple strategies to evade the host’s innate immunity and adaptive immunity, thereby promoting viral survival and replication. This review focuses on the most recent research on immune evasion strategies employed by BVDV, including evading type I IFN signaling pathway, evading host adaptive immunity, mediating NF-κB signaling pathway, mediating cell apoptosis and inducing autophagy. Unraveling BVDV’s immune evasion strategies will enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis of BVDV and contribute to the development of more effective therapies for the prevention, control and eradication of BVDV.

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Evasion strategies of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

Cited by 19 publications

References 131 publications

Bergamottin Inhibits PRRSV Replication by Blocking Viral Non-Structural Proteins Expression and Viral RNA Synthesis

Bergamottin Inhibits PRRSV Replication by Blocking Viral Non-Structural Proteins Expression and Viral RNA Synthesis

Role of microRNAs in host defense against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection: a hidden front line

Immune evasion strategies of bovine viral diarrhea virus

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