Evechinus chloroticus

Barker, Mike

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819570-3.00029-9

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…The commercial, recreational, and customary fisheries are currently managed under the Quota Management System (QMS) with a maximum annual harvest (including commercial, cultural, and recreational) of 1902 t nationwide (Fisheries New Zealand, 2021). Kina roe quality and GSI are typically highest in austral spring–summer, prior to spawning (Barker, 2020; Dix, 1970; Lamare et al, 2002; Walker, 1982), and this is consequently when most of the harvest occurs (Miller & Abraham, 2011). Commercial harvest is mostly sold in the domestic market because high variability and relatively poor roe quality compared to other species have precluded export to high‐end international markets (McShane et al, 1994; Miller & Abraham, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sea urchin roe quality within urchin barrens and improvement through kelp restoration

Miller,

Balemi,

Blain

et al. 2024

Ecosphere

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Sea urchin overgrazing is a major cause of kelp loss and consequently sea urchin removal is frequently promoted as a tool for restoring kelp in urchin barrens. While many sea urchin species support high‐end roe fisheries, roe condition is generally lower in barrens than in kelp forests due to reduced food availability. Understanding how roe condition varies between kelp and barren habitats, and in response to kelp restoration, is key to developing effective, culturally and socially acceptable approaches to sea urchin removal and for assessing the potential benefits of kelp restoration. We assessed whether sea urchin roe quality within urchin barrens in northeastern Aotearoa New Zealand can be sufficient for harvest, and whether sea urchin removal can ultimately enhance urchin roe condition (by increasing food quality and quantity). We monitored roe condition (roe weight and gonadosomatic index [GSI]) in kelp forest and urchin barrens monthly for one year at two sites, and quarterly over two years at four sites following large‐scale (1.6–2 ha) sea urchin removal from urchin barrens. While roe condition was generally lower in barrens, the magnitude of this difference varied seasonally and among sites. Sea urchin roe quality within barrens was sufficient for commercial harvest (GSI ≥ 6%) during spring–summer at three sites. Following large‐scale sea urchin removal, kelp and fucoid density increased over two years (~9–58 plants m−2), but remained low in barren control areas. Although variable, sea urchins from removal areas (restored kelp) typically showed increased GSI, roe weight, and improved roe color within nine months following removal. These results suggest that, at some locations, harvest may provide a viable method for removing urchins from urchin barrens for kelp restoration purposes. However, to ensure sea urchin densities are reduced and maintained below the critical levels needed to achieve restoration outcomes, strategic approaches with critical evaluation of methods are required. Furthermore, we demonstrate that effectively removing urchins and promoting kelp recovery can ultimately improve urchin roe quality.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sea urchin roe quality within urchin barrens and improvement through kelp restoration

Miller,

Balemi,

Blain

et al. 2024

Ecosphere

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“…Despite their potential to form barrens, sea urchins are a natural component of the ecosystem and an important food source in many countries. For example, kina is a taonga (treasured) species and has been harvested by M aori as kaimoana (seafood) for centuries, and more recently supports important commercial and recreational fisheries (Barker 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The efficiency and effectiveness of different sea urchin removal methods for kelp forest restoration

Miller

Shears

2022

Restoration Ecology

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Sea urchin overgrazing has caused widespread phase shifts from kelp forests to “urchin barrens” on many temperate reefs, reducing habitat complexity, productivity, and biodiversity. Sea urchin removal is increasingly used for kelp restoration; however, few studies have quantified the efficiency and effectiveness of different removal methods, resulting in limited understanding of their practicality. In this study, the efficiency (removal rate) and effectiveness (proportion removed) of four removal methods were evaluated in northeastern New Zealand. We compared culling or collecting sea urchins by either SCUBA or freediving in 128 small‐scale plots (25 m2). We also evaluated the efficiency and effectiveness of culling in four large (1.6–2 ha) barren areas, scales relevant for restoration. On average, culling sea urchins was 1.9–4.4 times faster than collecting, and SCUBA was 1.5–3.3 times faster than freediving. Removal rates increased with sea urchin density, especially for culling on SCUBA, while freediving removal rates increased with experience. Effectiveness was lower in large‐scale removals (86–93% of sea urchins ≥40 mm removed) compared to small‐scale removals (98–99%), but sufficient for restoration objectives. Estimated time per area (using SCUBA culling) was similar across large‐scale removals (49–57 hours/ha), despite an almost 2‐fold variation in initial sea urchin densities (approximately 4–8 urchins/m2), suggesting area may better predict total removal time than simply number of sea urchins across low‐density ranges. While sea urchin removal provides a rapid, feasible, and effective approach to restoring kelp in urchin barrens, restoration plans need to also address the causes of sea urchin overpopulation to ensure long‐term benefits.

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Near-future oceanic CO2 delays development and growth in early-stage larvae of the endemic New Zealand sea urchin, Evechinus chloroticus

et al. 2021

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Evechinus chloroticus

Cited by 4 publications

References 69 publications

Sea urchin roe quality within urchin barrens and improvement through kelp restoration

Sea urchin roe quality within urchin barrens and improvement through kelp restoration

The efficiency and effectiveness of different sea urchin removal methods for kelp forest restoration

Near-future oceanic CO2 delays development and growth in early-stage larvae of the endemic New Zealand sea urchin, Evechinus chloroticus

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