Even-odd differences and structure of the fission barriers

Nuclear level density: Shell-model approach

“…In complex nuclei, the lowenergy levels observed inside the gap can be interpreted as collective excitations, vibrational or/and rotational. As the collective phenomena of these types correspond typically to the slow self-consistent motion of many particles, it is natural to expect that such coherent combinations of single-particle excitations partly compensate the deficit of levels at low energy due to the pairing gaps and give rise to the so-called collective enhancement of the level density [22,47] in comparison to the single-particle combinatorics of independent particles and holes. Modern refined approaches of this class account in various forms for the pairing phenomenon that changes the excitation spectrum, especially in even-even nuclei [23][24][25].…”

Compilation of giant electric dipole resonances built on excited states

“…The Pühlhofer model relies on the local Dilg et al parameterization [41] for excitation energies up to and slightly above the nucleon separation energy, while it interpolates then to a regime where the level-density parameter a becomes proportional to the nuclear mass number A. The Reisdorf approach builds on the generalized superfluid model by Ignatyuk et al [42], but it uses a global parameterization for the asymptotic level density parameter a. In one case [30], the level-density model by Fineman et al [43] is used in the data analysis.…”

Trajectory analysis for fusion path in superheavy-mass region

“…The centrifugal energy arising from the angular momentum l of the rigid body is also considered. The temperature-dependent factor Φ is parameterized as Φ =exp{−aT 2 /E d } following the work of Ignatyuk et al (19). The shell dumping energy E d is chosen to be 20 MeV.…”