“…The task of transporting the hazardous material is completed by all robots cooperatively. 3 A basic question in containment control is to design containment algorithms, and many algorithms have been developed to address containment problems including communication topologies, [4][5][6][7] communication delays 3,[8][9][10] and agent dynamics (e.g., first-order systems, [1][2][3]6,[9][10][11] second-order systems, 7,12-14 higher-order systems, 4,5,15 and uncertain system 16,17 ). Recently, some novel control strategies have been put forward for switched MASs 18 or heterogeneous MASs.…”