Event-Based Prospective Remembering in a Virtual World

Trawley, Steven; Law, Anna S.; Logie, Robert H.

doi:10.1080/17470218.2011.584976

Cited by 20 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Their mean age was 18.5 years (SD = 0.8 years). None of these participants had taken part in the previously published studies with EVET Trawley et al, 2011).…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of working memory load on task execution and online plan adjustment during multitasking in a virtual environment

Law

Trawley

Brown

et al. 2013

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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Three experiments investigated the impact of working memory load on on-line plan adjustment during a test of multitasking in young, non-expert, adult participants. Multitasking was assessed using the Edinburgh Virtual Errands Test (EVET -Logie, . Participants were asked to memorise either good or poor plans for performing multiple errands, and were assessed both on task completion and the extent to which they modified their plans during EVET performance. EVET was performed twice, with and without a secondary task loading a component of working memory. In Experiment 1 articulatory suppression was used to load the phonological loop.In Experiment 2, oral random generation was used to load executive functions. In Experiment 3, spatial working memory was loaded with an auditory spatial localisation task. EVET performance for both good and poor planning groups was disrupted by random generation and sound localisation, but not by articulatory suppression. Additionally, people given a poor plan were able to overcome this initial disadvantage by modifying their plans on-line. It was concluded that, in addition to executive functions, multiple errands performance draws heavily on spatial, but not verbal, working memory resources but can be successfully completed on the basis of modifying plans on-line, despite a secondary task load.3 Acknowledgements

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“…Their mean age was 18.5 years (SD = 0.8 years). None of these participants had taken part in the previously published studies with EVET Trawley et al, 2011).…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of working memory load on task execution and online plan adjustment during multitasking in a virtual environment

Law

Trawley

Brown

et al. 2013

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

Self Cite

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“…Logie and his colleagues have done multiple studies using a virtual environment (Law, Trawley, Brown, Stephens, & Logie, 2013;Trawley, Law, Brown, Niven, & Logie, 2014;Trawley, Law, & Logie, 2011). Trawley et al (2011) looked at whether planning ability and working memory capacity affected how well people did on a Virtual Errands Test, in which people were given a list of errands to complete in different locations throughout a four-floor building.…”

Section: Location Cues In the Prospective Memory Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Trawley et al (2011) looked at whether planning ability and working memory capacity affected how well people did on a Virtual Errands Test, in which people were given a list of errands to complete in different locations throughout a four-floor building. Although people did have to remember to do tasks in particular locations, this study varied from traditional prospective memory studies in that there was no ongoing task with an embedded prospective memory task.…”

Section: Location Cues In the Prospective Memory Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Location-based prospective memory

O'Rear

Radvansky

2018

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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This study explores location-based prospective memory. People often have to remember to do things when in a particular location, such as buying tissues the next time they are in the supermarket. For event cognition theory, location is important for structuring events. However, because event cognition has not been used to examine prospective memory, the question remains of how multiple events will influence prospective memory performance. In our experiments, people delivered messages from store to store in a virtual shopping mall as an ongoing task. The prospective tasks were to do certain activities in certain stores. For Experiment 1, each trial involved one prospective memory task to be done in a single location at one of three delays. The virtual environment and location cues were effective for prospective memory, and performance was unaffected by delay. For Experiment 2, each trial involved two prospective memory tasks, given in either one or two instruction locations, and to be done in either one or two store locations. There was improved performance when people received instructions from two locations and did both tasks in one location relative to other combinations. This demonstrates that location-based event structure influences how well people perform on prospective memory tasks.

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“…For detailed analyses of timing in relation to the composition of clustered sequences see De Lillo and Lesk (2010). For traveling time analyses in virtual reality tasks on related topics see Logie et al (2011) and Trawley et al (2011). …”

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confidence: 99%

Spatio-Temporal Structure, Path Characteristics, and Perceptual Grouping in Immediate Serial Spatial Recall

2016

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Immediate serial spatial recall measures the ability to retain sequences of locations in short-term memory and is considered the spatial equivalent of digit span. It is tested by requiring participants to reproduce sequences of movements performed by an experimenter or displayed on a monitor. Different organizational factors dramatically affect serial spatial recall but they are often confounded or underspecified. Untangling them is crucial for the characterization of working-memory models and for establishing the contribution of structure and memory capacity to spatial span. We report five experiments assessing the relative role and independence of factors that have been reported in the literature. Experiment 1 disentangled the effects of spatial clustering and path-length by manipulating the distance of items displayed on a touchscreen monitor. Long-path sequences segregated by spatial clusters were compared with short-path sequences not segregated by clusters. Recall was more accurate for sequences segregated by clusters independently from path-length. Experiment 2 featured conditions where temporal pauses were introduced between or within cluster boundaries during the presentation of sequences with the same paths. Thus, the temporal structure of the sequences was either consistent or inconsistent with a hierarchical representation based on segmentation by spatial clusters but the effect of structure could not be confounded with effects of path-characteristics. Pauses at cluster boundaries yielded more accurate recall, as predicted by a hierarchical model. In Experiment 3, the systematic manipulation of sequence structure, path-length, and presence of path-crossings of sequences showed that structure explained most of the variance, followed by the presence/absence of path-crossings, and path-length. Experiments 4 and 5 replicated the results of the previous experiments in immersive virtual reality navigation tasks where the viewpoint of the observer changed dynamically during encoding and recall. This suggested that the effects of structure in spatial span are not dependent on perceptual grouping processes induced by the aerial view of the stimulus array typically afforded by spatial recall tasks. These results demonstrate the independence of coding strategies based on structure from effects of path characteristics and perceptual grouping in immediate serial spatial recall.

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Event-Based Prospective Remembering in a Virtual World

Cited by 20 publications

References 35 publications

The impact of working memory load on task execution and online plan adjustment during multitasking in a virtual environment

The impact of working memory load on task execution and online plan adjustment during multitasking in a virtual environment

Location-based prospective memory

Spatio-Temporal Structure, Path Characteristics, and Perceptual Grouping in Immediate Serial Spatial Recall

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