Event-Based Surveillance at Community and Healthcare Facilities, Vietnam, 2016–2017

Clara, Alexey; Trang, Thuy; Dao, Anh Tuan; Tran, Phu Dac; Dang, Tan Q.; Tran, Quang; Ngu, Nghia Duy; Ngo, Tu H.; Phan, Hung C.; Nguyen, Thong; Lai, Anh T.; Nguyen, Dung Tien; Nguyen, My; Nguyen, Hieu T. M.; Becknell, Steven; Bernadotte, Christina; Nguyen, Hoai-Son; Nguyen, Quoc Cuong; Mounts, Anthony W.; Balajee, S. Arunmozhi

doi:10.3201/eid2409

Cited by 15 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The 17 identified records referred to 15 studies (based on individual sets of data) and 13 different EBS systems 8–24. For the quality appraisal, we assessed each of the 15 studies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Event-based surveillance at health facility and community level in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review

et al. 2019

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BackgroundThe International Health Regulations require member states to establish “capacity to detect, assess, notify and report events”. Event-based surveillance (EBS) can contribute to rapid detection of acute public health events. This is particularly relevant in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) which may have poor public health infrastructure. To identify best practices, we reviewed the literature on the implementation of EBS in LMICs to describe EBS structures and to evaluate EBS systems.MethodsWe conducted a systematic literature search of six databases to identify articles that evaluated EBS in LMICs and additionally searched for grey literature. We used a framework approach to facilitate qualitative data synthesis and exploration of patterns across and within articles.ResultsWe identified 778 records, of which we included 15 studies concerning 13 different EBS systems. The 13 EBS systems were set up as community-based surveillance, health facility-based surveillance or open surveillance (ie, notification by non-defined individuals and institutions). Four systems were set up in outbreak settings and nine outside outbreaks. All EBS systems were integrated into existing routine surveillance systems and pre-existing response structures to some extent. EBS was described as useful in detecting a large scope of events, reaching remote areas and guiding outbreak response.ConclusionHealth facility and community-based EBS provide valuable information that can strengthen the early warning function of national surveillance systems. Integration into existing early warning and response systems was described as key to generate data for action and to facilitate rapid verification and response. Priority in its implementation should be given to settings that would particularly benefit from EBS strengths. This includes areas most prone to outbreaks and where traditional ‘routine’ surveillance is suboptimal.

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“…The 17 identified records referred to 15 studies (based on individual sets of data) and 13 different EBS systems 8–24. For the quality appraisal, we assessed each of the 15 studies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Event-based surveillance at health facility and community level in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review

et al. 2019

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“…This finding is similar to other recent studies demonstrating the value of community-based surveillance as an early warning system. [3][4][5]9,10 The study has limitations. The first limitation was heavy reliance on the electronic IDSR database for data analyses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4][5] Community health workers play an important role in early warning of emerging events by engaging with their communities to detect potential public health events and connecting individuals to health services. [6][7][8][9][10][11] Community health workers are particularly valuable in areas of the world with limited access to health care. 12 A recent World Health Organization (WHO) technical meeting recommended that a strong community-based surveillance program have the following characteristics: It should be integrated in a formal surveillance structure and be actionable and timely, and it should have perceived benefits to the community, well-defined reporting mechanisms, a feedback mechanism, and a monitoring and evaluation process.…”

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confidence: 99%

Community-Based Surveillance in Côte d'Ivoire

et al. 2020

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Community-based surveillance can be an important component of early warning systems. In 2016, the Côte d'Ivoire Ministry of Health launched a community-based surveillance project in 3 districts along the Guinea border. Community health workers were trained in detection and immediate reporting of diseases and events using a text-messaging platform. In December 2017, surveillance data from before and after implementation of community-based surveillance were analyzed in intervention and control districts. A total of 3,734 signals of priority diseases and 4,918 unusual health events were reported, of which 420 were investigated as suspect diseases and none were investigated as unusual health events. Of the 420 suspected cases reported, 23 (6%) were laboratory confirmed for a specific pathogen. Following implementation of community-based surveillance, 5-fold and 8-fold increases in reporting of suspected measles and yellow fever clusters, respectively, were documented. Reporting incidence rates in intervention districts for suspected measles, yellow fever, and acute flaccid paralysis were significantly higher after implementation, with a difference of 29.2, 19.0, and 2.5 cases per 100,000 person-years, respectively. All rate differences were significantly higher in intervention districts (p < 0.05); no significant increase in reporting was noted in control districts. These findings suggest that community-based surveillance strengthened detection and reporting capacity for several suspect priority diseases and events. However, the surveillance program was very sensitive, resulting in numerous false-positives. Learning from the community-based surveillance implementation experience, the ministry of health is revising signal definitions to reduce sensitivity and increase specificity, reviewing training materials, considering scaling up sustainable reporting platforms, and standardizing community health worker roles.

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“…15 Yet, there was concern that rapid reporting from healthcare facility to public health officials of potential respiratory outbreaks in humans was not Similar to EBS in other countries and settings, the signals in this system were defined to enable healthcare workers to report when they identify unusual occurrences or patterns. 14…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7 While much of the EBS literature focuses on web or media EBS, [8][9][10] and community EBS, 8,[11][12][13][14] few reports describe the implementation of EBS in healthcare facilities. 13,14 The EBS program in Yaoundé was a collaboration among DLMEP, CPC, Cameroon's National Public Health Laboratory (Laboratoire National de Santé Publique de Cameroun, LNSP), and CDC. This report describes the implementation process, signal detection data, and the strengths and challenges of the program.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strengthening timely detection and reporting of unusual respiratory events from health facilities in Yaoundé, Cameroon

Alroy

Gwom

Ndongo

et al. 2020

Influenza Resp Viruses

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Background:The International Health Regulations state that early detection and immediate reporting of unusual health events is important for early warning and response systems.Objective: To describe a pilot surveillance program established in health facilities in Yaoundé, Cameroon in 2017 which aimed to enable detection and reporting of public health events.Health Laboratory, implemented event-based surveillance (EBS) in nine Yaoundé health facilities. Four signals were defined that could indicate possible public health events, and a reporting, triage, and verification system was established among partner organizations. A pre-defined laboratory algorithm was defined, and a series of workshops trained health facilities, laboratory, and public health staff for surveillance implementation. Results: From May 2017 to January 2018, 30 signals were detected, corresponding to 15 unusual respiratory events. All health facilities reported a signal at least once, and more than three-quarters of health facilities reported ≥2 times. Among specimens tested, the pathogens detected included Klebsiella pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenza, Staphylococcus aureus, Pneumocystis jiroveci, influenza A (H1N1) virus, rhinovirus, and adenovirus. Conclusions:The events detected in this pilot were caused by routine respiratory bacteria and viruses, and no novel influenza viruses or other emerging respiratory threats were identified. The surveillance system, however, strengthened relationships and communication linkages between health facilities and public health authorities. | 123ALROY et AL.

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Event-Based Surveillance at Community and Healthcare Facilities, Vietnam, 2016–2017

Cited by 15 publications

References 1 publication

Event-based surveillance at health facility and community level in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review

Event-based surveillance at health facility and community level in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review

Community-Based Surveillance in Côte d'Ivoire

Strengthening timely detection and reporting of unusual respiratory events from health facilities in Yaoundé, Cameroon

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