Event geochronology of the Pan-African Kaoko Belt, Namibia

Goscombe, Ben; Gray, David; Armstrong, Richard; Foster, David A.; Vogl, James J.

doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2005.07.003

Cited by 119 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Almost identical to early Lufilian metamorphic ages is the Sm-Nd age of 595 ± 13 Ma for syn-D 1 , peak-M 1 garnet in the Coastal Terrane of the Kaoko Belt (Goscombe et al 2003a). Goscombe et al (2003aGoscombe et al ( , 2005b) also record other peak-M 1 garnet ages of 579 ± 16, 574 ± 10 and 573 ± 8 Ma, and a U-Pb age of 573.8 ± 4 Ma for zircon from a partial melt segregation in other Kaoko Belt zones. In the same belt, zircons from the earliest Damaran granites give U-Pb ages of 580 ± 3 Ma (Seth et al 1998), 576 ± 5 Ma (Franz et al 1999) and 576 ± 11 (Goscombe et al 2005b).…”

Section: Convergencementioning

confidence: 61%

“…Goscombe et al (2003aGoscombe et al ( , 2005b) also record other peak-M 1 garnet ages of 579 ± 16, 574 ± 10 and 573 ± 8 Ma, and a U-Pb age of 573.8 ± 4 Ma for zircon from a partial melt segregation in other Kaoko Belt zones. In the same belt, zircons from the earliest Damaran granites give U-Pb ages of 580 ± 3 Ma (Seth et al 1998), 576 ± 5 Ma (Franz et al 1999) and 576 ± 11 (Goscombe et al 2005b). A slightly younger granite in the Kaoko Belt has an age of 568 ± 5 Ma (Goscombe et al 2005b) and ages of granites reported as being late tectonic range from 565 ± 13 Ma (Seth et al 1998) to 549.2 ± 1.9 Ma (Goscombe et al 2005b).…”

Section: Convergencementioning

confidence: 85%

“…In the same belt, zircons from the earliest Damaran granites give U-Pb ages of 580 ± 3 Ma (Seth et al 1998), 576 ± 5 Ma (Franz et al 1999) and 576 ± 11 (Goscombe et al 2005b). A slightly younger granite in the Kaoko Belt has an age of 568 ± 5 Ma (Goscombe et al 2005b) and ages of granites reported as being late tectonic range from 565 ± 13 Ma (Seth et al 1998) to 549.2 ± 1.9 Ma (Goscombe et al 2005b). In the central Damara Belt, post-D 1 -pre-D 2 to early-D 2 granites have ages ranging from 564 ± 5 to 546 ± 30 Ma (Haack et al 1980;Miller and Burger 1983;Hawkesworth et al 1983;de Kock et al 2000;Jacob et al 2000).…”

Section: Convergencementioning

confidence: 94%

“…In the Kaoko Belt, U-Pb zircon and monazite ages of post-collision granites or pegmatites range from 531 ± 6 to 507 ± 5 Ma (Goscombe et al 2005b). In the southern Central Zone of the Damara Belt, similar late intrusions range from 509 ± 1 Ma (U-Pb uraninite in alaskite; Briqueu et al 1980) to 496 ± 6 Ma (U-Pb titanite in lamprophyre; Jacob et al 2000).…”

Section: Younger Post-collision Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cooling through 500°C is recorded in the Kaoko Belt by Ar-Ar plateau ages of 533 ± 7 to 513 ± 8 Ma for hornblende (Goscombe et al 2005b), and in the Damara Belt by Rb-Sr (whole rock-muscovite) ages of 509 and 506 ± 7 Ma (Blaxland et al 1979;Kukla 1993) and Rb-Sr (muscovite) of 520 and 524 Ma (Hawkesworth et al 1983). In the kyanite facies of the high-pressure Southern Zone, Rb-Sr (muscovite) recorded a younger age of 483 Ma for cooling through 500°C (Hawkesworth et al 1983).…”

Section: Coolingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative Stratigraphic and Geochronological Evolution of the Northern Damara Supergroup in Namibia and the Katanga Supergroup in the Lufilian Arc of Central Africa

Miller

2013

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The Damara Supergroup in Namibia and the Katanga Supergroup in the Central African Copperbelt (some 1000 km apart) are characterized by rock successions indicative of almost coeval orogenic evolution through phases of intracontinental rifting, spreading, continental rupture, subduction, ocean closure and continental collision in what appears to have been a single, elongate orogenic belt. Rifting began at about 880 Ma and lasted until about 800 or 756 Ma. Post-rift thermal sag and marine transgression produced the first correlatable stratigraphic units, the argillaceous Beesvlakte and Ore Shale Formations, in northern, carbonate-dominated platformal successions on the Damaran Northern Platform and the Katangan Lufilian Arc or Fold Belt, respectively. Sturtian (~735 Ma) and Marinoan (635 Ma) glacial units are common to both successions as well as syntectonic molasse sequences (~595–550 Ma). Continental collision occurred at about 542 Ma and the post-tectonic peak of regional metamorphism was at about 535–530 Ma. Mineral ages record cooling to about 460 Ma. The extensive occurrence of stratabound, but not stratiform, copper mineralization, evaporitic minerals, salt and thrust tectonics, syntectonic breccias, and intense alteration in the Lufilian Arc have no significant equivalents in the Northern Platform. However, the Beesvlakte Formation has both concordant and strongly discordant styles of copper mineralization and the mode of occurrence of mineralization in the Copperbelt can be a guide to exploration in Namibia.SOMMAIRELe Supergroupe de Damara en Namibie et le Supergroupe de Katanga de la bande cuprifère d’Afrique centrale (distant de 1 000 km) sont caractérisés par des successions de roches montrant une évolution orogénique presque contemporaines dans leurs phases de distension intracontinentale, d’expansion, de rupture continentale, de subduction, de fermeture océanique et de collision continentale, dans ce qui semble avoir été une seule et même bande orogénique étroite. La distension a débutée il y a environ 880 Ma et s’est prolongé jusqu’à 800 Ma ou 756 Ma. Le fléchissement thermique post-distension et la transgression marine ont donné les premières unités stratigraphiques corrélables, soit la Formation argileuse de Beesvlakte et la Formation de Ore Shale, de la portion nord des successions de plateforme principalement carbonatées sur la Plateforme nord de Damaran et de l’Arc ou de la bande plissée de Katangan Lufilian respectivement. Les unités glaciaires de Sturtian (~735 Ma) et de Marinoan (635 Ma) sont communes aux deux successions, tout comme les séquences de molasses syntectoniques (~595–550 Ma). La collision continentale s’est produite il y a environ 542 Ma et le pic post-tectonique de métamorphisme régional a eu lieu il y a environ 535 à 530 Ma. Selon les datations minérales, le refroidissement s’est produit il y a environ 460 Ma. La prépondérance du contexte stratoïde plutôt que stratiforme des minéralisations de cuivre, des minéraux d’évaporites, de sel et de tectonique de compression, de brèches syntectoniques, et d’altération intense dans l’Arc de Lufilian, n’a pas d’équivalent dans la plateforme du nord. Cependant, la Formation de Beesvlakte présente des minéralisations de cuivre qui sont ou concordantes, ou fortement discordantes, et le mode d’occurrence de la minéralisation dans le bande cuprifère peut servir de guide à l’exploration en Namibie.

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Section: Convergencementioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Convergencementioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Convergencementioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Younger Post-collision Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Coolingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative Stratigraphic and Geochronological Evolution of the Northern Damara Supergroup in Namibia and the Katanga Supergroup in the Lufilian Arc of Central Africa

Miller

2013

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Structural and geochronological constraints on the Pan‐African tectonic evolution of the northern Damara Belt, Namibia

et al. 2016

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The Pan-African Orogen formed by convergence of numerous continental blocks during the Neoproterozoic to early Cambrian. This convergence eventually led to amalgamation of Gondwana, a supercontinent crosscut by a network of highly oblique linear orogenic belts that locally intersect each other, as in NW Namibia, where the NNW trending Kaoko Belt joins the NE trending Damara Belt. The northern Damara Belt has preserved well three regional Pan-African tectonic events due to the dominance of weak Neoproterozoic marine sediments (Damara Supergroup) that have been affected by low-grade metamorphism. A newly discovered early N-S horizontal contraction, dated by 40 Ar/ 39 Ar at~590 Ma, is tentatively linked to convergence between the Congo and Kalahari cratons. This was superseded by collision between the Congo and Rio de la Plata cratons between 580 and 530 Ma that thickened and exhumed the orogenic crust of the Kaoko Belt and produced upper crustal N-S oriented folds of earlier fold trains and associated axial planar schistosities in the northern Damara Belt. A switch from E-W to NW-SE horizontal shortening occurred at 530 Ma as a result of collision with the Kalahari Craton, triggering extensive syn-orogenic magmatism in the entire Damara Belt. During this last event, southward indentation and underthrusting of the Congo Craton promontory below the Neoproterozoic cover sequences produced a deformation front in the northern Damara Belt. Our results show that highly oblique convergent processes competed over a period of~120 Ma to build Gondwana in Namibia during the late Neoproterozoic to early Cambrian.The Damara Orogen is composed of three highly oblique branches, the NNW trending Kaoko and Gariep belts and the NE trending Damara Belt [Martin and Porada, 1977;Coward, 1981;Miller, 1983;Gray et al., 2008] that were at least partly active at the same time [e.g., Miller et al., 2009] during mutual convergence of three cratonic blocks, the Rio de la Plata, Congo, and Kalahari cratons (Figure 1). Despite the Damara Orogen being extensively LEHMANN ET AL.TECTONIC EVOLUTION NORTHERN DAMARA BELT 103

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Timing of deformation in the Sarandí del Yí Shear Zone, Uruguay: Implications for the amalgamation of western Gondwana during the Neoproterozoic Brasiliano‐Pan‐African Orogeny

et al. 2016

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U‐Pb and Hf zircon (sensitive high‐resolution ion microprobe ‐SHRIMP‐ and laser ablation‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry ‐LA‐ICP‐MS‐), Ar/Ar hornblende and muscovite, and Rb‐Sr whole rock‐muscovite isochron data from the mylonites of the Sarandí del Yí Shear Zone, Uruguay, were obtained in order to assess the tectonothermal evolution of this crustal‐scale structure. Integration of these results with available kinematic, structural, and microstructural data of the shear zone as well as with geochronological data from the adjacent blocks allowed to constrain the onset of deformation along the shear zone at 630–625 Ma during the collision of the Nico Pérez Terrane and the Río de la Plata Craton. The shear zone underwent dextral shearing up to 596 Ma under upper to middle amphibolite facies conditions, which was succeeded by sinistral shearing under lower amphibolite to upper greenschist facies conditions until at least 584 Ma. After emplacement of the Cerro Caperuza granite at 570 Ma, the shear zone underwent only cataclastic deformation between the late Ediacaran and the Cambrian. The Sarandí del Yí Shear Zone is thus related to the syncollisional to postcollisional evolution of the amalgamation of the Río de la Plata Craton and the Nico Pérez Terrane. Furthermore, the obtained data reveal that strain partitioning and localization with time, magmatism emplacement, and fluid circulation are key processes affecting the isotopic systems in mylonitic belts, revealing the complexity in assessing the age of deformation of long‐lived shear zones.

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Event geochronology of the Pan-African Kaoko Belt, Namibia

Cited by 119 publications

References 37 publications

Comparative Stratigraphic and Geochronological Evolution of the Northern Damara Supergroup in Namibia and the Katanga Supergroup in the Lufilian Arc of Central Africa

Comparative Stratigraphic and Geochronological Evolution of the Northern Damara Supergroup in Namibia and the Katanga Supergroup in the Lufilian Arc of Central Africa

Structural and geochronological constraints on the Pan‐African tectonic evolution of the northern Damara Belt, Namibia

Timing of deformation in the Sarandí del Yí Shear Zone, Uruguay: Implications for the amalgamation of western Gondwana during the Neoproterozoic Brasiliano‐Pan‐African Orogeny

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