Event Message Clustering Algorithm for Selection of Majority Message in VANETs

Abstract

The trustworthiness of nodes in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs) is essential for disseminating truthful event messages. False messages may cause vehicles to behave in unintended ways, creating an unreliable transportation system. The efficiency and reliability of the transportation system can be obtained through trustworthy vehicular nodes providing correct event messages. In a VANET, the consensus issue can be resolved by employing blockchain. Even if we employ blockchain in a VANET, the trustworthiness of each message recorded needs to be verified separately since the blockchain itself does not guarantee the trust level of each event message. For instance, when there are multiple conflicting messages associated with a single accident on the road, a vote based on majority opinion can be considered one option for making a decision regarding the accident. In this work, we design the VANET event message clustering algorithm (VEMCA) to resolve the conflicting message problem. Furthermore, we develop a simulator for the VANET environment that demonstrates how the clustering algorithm can be used for event message validation. Experimental results show that our algorithm outperforms state-of-the-art clustering algorithms in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, f1-score, and computational time. INDEX TERMS VANET, clustering algorithm, trustworthiness, blockchain, simulator I. INTRODUCTION A. BACKGROUND VOLUME 4, 2016

Transfer Learning-Based Intrusion Detection System for a Controller Area Network

“…The features used were Timestamp, Arbitration_ID, Data_Field, and Class (i.e., label) fields. First, one column data_field of eight bytes was split into eight-column data ranging from D[0] to D [7] with eight bits each. Duplicates were removed from the data, and the rows consisting of null values were dropped with the Python dropna() function.…”

“…Vehicles are becoming smarter, with connections to other vehicles and external networks established. The cellular 5G and New Radio (NR) Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) technology (i.e., cellular 5G NR V2X) will lead the modern vehicular adhoc networks (VANETs) [7], [8]. This V2X communication technology can fulfill the latency, bandwidth, networking, and security requirements essential for future autonomous vehicles.…”