Event rate and event‐related potentials in ADHD

Wiersema, Roeljan; Meere, Jaap van der; Roeyers, Herbert; Coster, Rudy Van; Baeyens, Dieter

doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01592.x

Cited by 125 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The response inhibition (Barkley, 1997;Quay, 1997) and cognitive energetic models (Sergeant, 2000;Sergeant, 2005) have lent themselves readily to consideration using ERP tasks/methodology. Studies examining the effect of energetic factors on inhibitory processing report at least partial support for the Cognitive Energetic Model (Wiersema et al, 2005b;Wiersema et al, 2006;Benikos and Johnstone, 2009;Johnstone et al, 2010b;Johnstone and Galletta, in press). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a study with fast and slow presentation of a Go/Nogo task, the relationship between P3 amplitude and Go RT indicated poor effort allocation in the slow condition, with a reduced Nogo-N2 in the fast condition for children with co-morbid AD/HD and ODD, but not an AD/HD-alone group (Wiersema et al, 2006). Using fast, medium and slow event-rates in a cued Go/Nogo task, Benikos and Johnstone (2009) reported a reduced P2 across event-rates, reflecting inefficient suppression of sensory activation, and reduced Nogo-P3 in the fast condition, linked to inhibition problems, in AD/HDcom.…”

Section: Interaction With Energetic Factorsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Some studies use neither of these diagnostic criteria, but rather infer a diagnosis from diagnostic interviews such as DISC-IV (e.g. Wiersema et al, 2006), or questionnaire responses (e.g. Spronk et al, 2008).…”

Section: Progress Since Last Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Ten years on: A follow-up review of ERP research in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Johnstone

Barry

Clarke

2013

Clinical Neurophysiology

148

132

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This article reviews the event-related potential (ERP) literature in relation to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) over the years [2002][2003][2004][2005][2006][2007][2008][2009][2010][2011][2012]. ERP studies exploring various aspects of brain functioning in children and adolescents with AD/HD are reviewed, with a focus on group effects and interpretations in the domains of attention, inhibitory control, performance monitoring, non-pharmacological treatments, and ERP/energetics interactions. There has been a distinct shift in research intensity over the past 10 years, with a large increase in ERP studies conducted in the areas of inhibitory control and performance monitoring. Overall, the research has identified a substantial number of ERP correlates of AD/HD. Robust differences from healthy controls have been reported in early orienting, inhibitory control, and error-processing components. These data offer potential to improve our understanding of the specific brain dysfunction(s) which contribute to the disorder. The literature would benefit from a more rigorous approach to clinical group composition and consideration of age effects, as well as increased emphasis on replication and extension studies using exacting participant, task, and analysis parameters. • Research focus and intensity has been in the domains of attention, inhibitory control, performance monitoring, non-pharmacological treatments, and ERP/energetics interactions.• Some consistent differences from healthy controls are emerging, but more emphasis on replication and extension studies is needed to increase the consistency and specificity of results. AbstractThis article reviews the event-related potential (ERP) literature in relation to attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) over the years 2002 to 2012. ERP studies exploring various aspects of brain functioning in children and adolescents with AD/HD are examined, with a focus on group effects and interpretations in the domains of attention, inhibitory control, performance monitoring, non-pharmacological treatments, and ERP/energetics interactions. There has been a distinct shift in research intensity over the past 10 years, with a large increase in ERP studies conducted in the areas of inhibitory control and performance monitoring. Overall, the research has identified a substantial number of ERP correlates of AD/HD. Robust differences from healthy controls have been reported in early orienting, inhibitory control, and error-processing components.These data offer potential to improve our understanding of the specific brain dysfunction(s) which contribute to the disorder. The literature would benefit from a more rigorous approach to clinical group composition and consideration of age effects, as well as increased emphasis on replication and extension studies using exacting participant, task, and analysis parameters.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Interaction With Energetic Factorsmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Ten years on: A follow-up review of ERP research in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Johnstone

Barry

Clarke

2013

Clinical Neurophysiology

148

132

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“…However, it was found that the control group made more errors at the slow than medium event-rate, whereas the AD/HD group made more errors at the medium than slow eventrate. This result is surprising considering performance deficits in AD/HD most commonly occur to slow event-rates (Sonuga-Barke et al, 2010;Wiersema et al, 2006b). However, as energetic state is both idiosyncratic and task-dependent, the findings of the present study may be attributable to the unique task requirements of the flanker task (Sonuga-Barke et al, 2010).…”

Section: Task Performancementioning

confidence: 98%

Event-rate effects in the flanker task: ERPs and task performance in children with and without AD/HD

Johnstone

Galletta

2013

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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Demanding tasks require a greater amount of effort, in which case individuals are required to alter their energetic-state to a level appropriate to perform the task. According to the Cognitive-Energetic Model (CEM), children with AD/HD are unable to effectively modulate their energetic state, leading to task underperformance. Using an Eriksen flanker task with varying event-rates, the current study compared the ability of typically-developing children and children with AD/HD to modulate their energetic state. In line with the CEM, it was predicted that children with AD/HD would underperform in the fast and slow eventrates. Results indicated that the groups did not differ in commission errors (i.e., incorrect responses). However, children with AD/HD made more omission errors to incongruent stimuli at the fast and slow eventrates, compared to controls. N2 amplitude was significantly larger for the AD/HD than control group in the slow event-rate. It is concluded that the energetic state modulation dysfunction in children with AD/HD results in an inability to attend to the task, as opposed to an inability to perform the task itself. Furthermore, these task performance differences did not manifest in either the N2 or P3 ERP components. Therefore, inattention in children with AD/HD may have its locus in response preparation, as opposed to stimulus processing, but more research is required to validate these conjectures. Abstract: Demanding tasks require a greater amount of effort, in which case individuals are required to alter their energetic-state to a level appropriate to perform the task. According to the CognitiveEnergetic Model (CEM), children with AD/HD are unable to effectively modulate their energetic state, leading to task underperformance. Using an Eriksen flanker task with varying event-rates, the current study compared the ability of typically-developing children and children with AD/HD to modulate their energetic state. In line with the CEM, it was predicted that children with AD/HD would underperform in the fast and slow event-rates. Results indicated that the groups did not differ in commission errors (i.e., incorrect responses). However, children with AD/HD made more omission errors (i.e., impulsively early or non-responses) to incongruent stimuli at the fast and slow event-rates, compared to controls. N2 amplitude was significantly larger for the AD/HD than control group in the slow event-rate. It is concluded that the energetic state modulation dysfunction in children with AD/HD results in an inability to attend to the task, as opposed to an inability to perform the task itself. Furthermore, these task performance differences did not manifest in either the N2 or P3 ERP components. Therefore, inattention in children with AD/HD may have its locus in response preparation, as opposed to stimulus processing, but more research is required to validate these conjectures. Highlights Children with AD/HD unable to effectively modulate energetic state  Event-rate varied during interference control in c...

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“…Also the state regulation account (Sergeant, 2005;van der Meere, 2005), an influential explanatory account of ADHD, which is derived from the cognitive-energetic model (Sanders, 1983), states that individuals with ADHD have difficulties in maintaining and regulating an optimal energetic arousal/activation state. Research in this respect revealed convincing behavioural and psychophysiological support for disrupted energetic state regulation in ADHD during task execution (Börger & van der Meere, 2000; for a meta-analysis, see Metin, Roeyers, 20 Wiersema, van der Meere, & Sonuga-Barke, 2012;Sergeant, 2005;Sonuga-Barke et al, 2010;Wiersema, van der Meere, Roeyers, Van Coster, & Baeyens, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

State-related electroencephalographic deviances in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Buyck

Wiersema

2014

Research in Developmental Disabilities

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This study investigated the stability and state-related characteristics of electroencephalographic (EEG) deviances in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Three minutes resting EEG with eyes closed and eyes open were compared between 21 children with ADHD and 29 typically developing children. Across resting conditions, children with ADHD exhibited divergent topographic distribution for theta, alpha and beta power compared to typically developing children. In addition, less alpha and theta suppression to eye opening was found in children with ADHD, but only in those without comorbid ODD/CD. Findings of the present study refer to a consistent divergence in topographic distribution in ADHD across resting state conditions, yet demonstrate that state-related factors and comorbidity may also contribute to resting EEG deviances in ADHD. The state-related findings are in accord with several theoretical accounts emphasizing the role of contextual and state factors defining deficits in ADHD.

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Event rate and event‐related potentials in ADHD

Cited by 125 publications

References 44 publications

Ten years on: A follow-up review of ERP research in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Ten years on: A follow-up review of ERP research in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Event-rate effects in the flanker task: ERPs and task performance in children with and without AD/HD

State-related electroencephalographic deviances in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

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