Event-related brain correlates of associative learning without awareness

Wong, Philip; Bernat, Edward M.; Snodgrass, Michael; Shevrin, Howard

doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2004.04.003

Cited by 51 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…7)--perhaps exactly what would be expected from weak, belowcriterion but nonetheless phenomenally conscious stimuli. In contrast, in our current and prior work (e.g., Wong, Bernat, Snodgrass, & Shevrin, 2004) using objectively undetectable stimuli, considerably more complex and sustained unconscious effects occur--despite the stimuli themselves being weaker.…”

Section: The Nonmonotonic Theorycontrasting

confidence: 89%

P3b, consciousness, and complex unconscious processing

Silverstein

Snodgrass

Shevrin

et al. 2015

Cortex

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Section: The Nonmonotonic Theorycontrasting

confidence: 89%

P3b, consciousness, and complex unconscious processing

Silverstein

Snodgrass

Shevrin

et al. 2015

Cortex

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“…Interestingly, this neuronal associative encoding takes place while animals are conditioned under chloral hydrate anesthesia, demonstrating that neuronal associative learning can occur in a non-conscious state. Such non-conscious learning has also been demonstrated in memory-encoding studies with human subjects [22,23]. Similarly, we have recently shown that a subpopulation of neurons in the mPFC that receive an orthodromic input from the BLA actively encode and express emotional associative learning in the same Pavlovian paradigm, demonstrating that neuronal subpopulations within both the mPFC and amygdala are capable of actively encoding and expressing emotional associative learning.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 73%

The roles of cannabinoid and dopamine receptor systems in neural emotional learning circuits: implications for schizophrenia and addiction

Laviolette

Grace

2006

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

155

126

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Cannabinoids represent one of the most widely used hallucinogenic drugs and induce profound alterations in sensory perception and emotional processing. Similarly, the dopamine (DA) neurotransmitter system is critical for the central processing of emotion and motivation. Functional disturbances in either of these neurotransmitter systems are well-established correlates of the psychopathological symptoms and behavioral manifestations observed in addiction and schizophrenia. Increasing evidence from the anatomical, pharmacological and behavioral neuroscience fields points to complex functional interactions between these receptor systems at the anatomical, pharmacological and neural systems levels. An important question relates to whether these systems act in an orchestrated manner to produce the emotional processing and sensory perception deficits underlying addiction and schizophrenia. This review describes evidence for functional neural interactions between cannabinoid and DA receptor systems and how disturbances in this neural circuitry may underlie the aberrant emotional learning and processing observed in disorders such as addiction and schizophrenia.

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“…For example, even if subjects are not aware of a contingency between a conditioned and unconditioned stimulus in an associative learning paradigm, effects of such contingency can be measured in the facial EMG (Bunce et al, 1999). Similarly, it has been argued that amplitudes of the P300 and of later positive potentials can index the acquisition of a conditioned response to subthreshold stimuli, suggesting that associative learning can occur outside of awareness (Wong, Bernat et al, 1997;Wong, Bernat et al, 2004). It has also been argued that probability effects on the amplitude of the P300 are the product of an automatic learning of probabilities and frequencies that occurs even in the absence of voluntary control and conscious awareness (Sommer et al, 1998).…”

Section: Erp Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%