Event-related potentials in the Simon task

Ideno, Takashi; Ishizu, Tomohiro; Tujii, Takeo; Kojima, Shouzou

doi:10.1016/j.ics.2004.11.144

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Therefore, the following 9 electrode sites (C3, CZ, C4, CP3, CPZ, CP4, P3, PZ, and P4) were selected for statistical analysis. The time window (300–360 ms) of P300 latencies and amplitudes calculated in this study was consistent with previous studies on Simon effect [ 27 , 34 ].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

The Influence of Negative Emotion on the Simon Effect as Reflected by P300

Shang

2013

The Scientific World Journal

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The Simon effect refers to the phenomenon that reaction time (RT) is faster when stimulus and response location are congruent than when they are not. This study used the priming-target paradigm to explore the influence of induced negative emotion on the Simon effect with event-related potential techniques (ERPs). The priming stimuli were composed of two kinds of pictures, the negative and neutral pictures, selected from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS). The target stimuli included chessboards of two color types. One was red and black the other one was green and black. Each chessboard was presented on the left or the right of the screen. The participants were asked to press the response keys according to the colors of the chessboards. It was called the congruent condition if the chessboard and the response key were on the same side, otherwise incongruent condition. In this study, the emotion-priming Simon effect was found in terms of RT and P300. Negative emotion compared with neutral emotion significantly enhanced the Simon effect in the cognitive process, reflected by a larger difference of P300 latency between the incongruent and congruent trials. The results suggest that the induced negative emotion influenced the Simon effect at the late stage of the cognitive process, and the P300 latency could be considered as the reference measure. These findings may be beneficial to researches in psychology and industrial engineering in the future.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

The Influence of Negative Emotion on the Simon Effect as Reflected by P300

Shang

2013

The Scientific World Journal

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“…For tactile trials, none of the task conditions revealed a P300 latency shift (single modality: compatible = 382 ms vs. incompatible = 389 ms; t (14) = −0.74, P = 0.469; d z = 0.19; and in the mixed modality: compatible = 383 ms vs. incompatible = 399 ms; t (14) = −1.39, P = 0.185; d z = 0.36). In general, the visual P300 results are in line with the known literature (Ragot & Renault, ; Valle‐Inclán, ; Leuthold & Sommer, ; Masaki et al ., ; Ideno et al ., ; Galashan et al ., ; Melara et al ., ). We recommend cautious interpretation regarding the failure to observe a P300 shift in the tactile modality given that, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to test P300 latency in a tactile Simon task.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A longer stimulus‐identification processing should delay P300 latency, which is indeed a robust indicator of the Simon effect (Ragot & Renault, ; Leuthold, ). Our results are consistent with this literature, as we found the typical P300 peak latency delay in incompatible trials (Ragot & Renault, ; Valle‐Inclán, ; Leuthold & Sommer, ; Masaki et al ., ; Ideno et al ., ; Galashan et al ., ; Melara et al ., ). However, when visual trials were intermixed with tactile trials, the P300 delay disappeared, as did the RT effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is important to note that EEG markers (the P300, the LRP, and theta power modulations) in the Simon task have been mainly investigated by means of visual stimuli in the past (for P300: Ragot & Renault, ; Valle‐Inclán, ; Leuthold & Sommer, ; Masaki et al ., ; Ideno et al ., ; Galashan et al ., ; Melara et al ., ; for theta power: Nigbur et al ., ; Cohen & Donner, ; Cohen & Ridderinkhof, ; Gulbinaite et al ., ; Töllner et al ., ; for LRP: Valle‐Inclán, ; Vallesi et al ., ; Cespón et al ., ). To the best of our knowledge, no studies before have used tactile stimuli with the aim of generalizing the interpretation of the physiological mechanisms underlying the Simon effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been shown that trial‐to‐trial variations in P300 latency correlate with RTs (Ritter et al ., ). In the Simon task, at least for the visual modality, P300 latency is delayed in incompatible trials compared to compatible trials (Ragot & Renault, ; Valle‐Inclán, ; Leuthold & Sommer, ; Masaki et al ., ; Ideno et al ., ; Galashan et al ., ; Melara et al ., ). This P300‐latency shift in incompatible trials has been interpreted as a marker of perceptual interference, stressing the idea that extracting the relevant stimulus attribute (i.e., color) might take longer in incompatible than compatible trials (hence, perceptual interference; Ragot & Renault, ; Hasbroucq & Guiard, ; Valle‐Inclán, ; Leuthold, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The breakdown of the Simon effect in cross‐modal contexts: EEG evidence

Castro

Soto‐Faraco

Fernández

et al. 2018

Eur J of Neuroscience

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In everyday life, we often must coordinate information across spatial locations and different senses for action. It is well known, for example, that reactions are faster when an imperative stimulus and its required response are congruent than when they are not, even if stimulus location itself is completely irrelevant for the task (the so-called Simon effect). However, because these effects have been frequently investigated in single-modality scenarios, the consequences of spatial congruence when more than one sensory modality is at play are less well known. Interestingly, at a behavioral level, the visual Simon effect vanishes in mixed (visual and tactile) modality scenarios, suggesting that irrelevant spatial information ceases to exert influence on vision. To shed some light on this surprising result, here we address the expression of irrelevant spatial information in EEG markers typical of the visual Simon effect (P300, theta power modulation, LRP) in mixed-modality contexts. Our results show no evidence for the visual-spatial information to affect performance at behavioral and neurophysiological levels. The absence of evidence of the neural markers of visual S-R conflict in the mixed-modality scenario implies that some aspects of spatial representations that are strongly expressed in single-modality scenarios might be bypassed.

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