Events and subjective well-being: Only recent events matter.

Suh, Eunkook M.; Diener, Ed; Fujita, Frank

doi:10.1037/0022-3514.70.5.1091

Cited by 617 publications

(488 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…Classical and current studies support this rationale and show that through the effect of time, people adapt to the impact of major Life Events and Socio-Demographic changes (Bonanno, Moskowitz, Papa, & Folkman, 2005;Lowenstein & Frederick, 1999;Silver & Wortman, 1980). Suh, Diener and Fujita (1996) concluded that life events and personality differ in the duration of their effects on SWB. Life events produce a short-term effect (three to six months on average) and personality produces a long-term effect (at least two years) in the variability of SWB.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Some studies have shown differences in the impact of the predictors of SWB in a present context, as well as within a six-month interval. Some studies indicate that contextual factors may be better predictors of SWB in the present, while intrapersonal trait factors may be important predictors of mediumand long-term SWB (Suh, Diener & Fujita, 1996). Could these differences be observed in shorter temporal intervals?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Cognitive, affective and contextual predictors of subjective wellbeing

Galinha¹,

Pais-Ribeiro²

2012

Intnl. J. Wellbeing

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Cognitive, affective and contextual predictors of subjective wellbeing

Galinha¹,

Pais-Ribeiro²

2012

Intnl. J. Wellbeing

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“…For decades, studies of life satisfaction examined the dynamic confluence of various factors, ranging from mood (e.g., Schwarz & Clore, 1983) to life events (e.g., Suh, Diener, & Fujita, 1996) and long-term personality (Diener & Lucas, in press). The present study suggests that culture may also exert a significant influence on the construct of life satisfaction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The shifting basis of life satisfaction judgments across cultures: Emotions versus norms.

Suh¹,

Diener

Oishi

et al. 1998

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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1,079

758

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The relative importance of emotions versus normative beliefs for life satisfaction judgments was compared among individualist and collectivist nations in 2 large sets of international data (in total, 61 nations, N = 62,446). Among nations, emotions and life satisfaction correlated significantly more strongly in more individualistic nations (r = .52 in Study 1; r = .48 in Study 2). At the individual level, emotions were far superior predictors of life satisfaction to norms (social approval of life satisfaction) in individualist cultures, whereas norms and emotions were equally strong predictors of life satisfaction in collectivist cultures. The present findings have implications for future studies on cultural notions of well-being, the functional value of emotional experiences, and individual differences in life satisfaction profiles.Across the world, is the "good life" attained mostly by doing what a person would like to do or by doing what a person thinks he or she should do? More broadly, are internal processes, such as attitudes, beliefs, emotions, and the like, or external pro-

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“…In the present study, we sought to replicate these Phenomenal characteristics 7 findings, and we also examined the possibility that the temporal distance of the events could modulate the influence of valence on the time needed to construct memories of past experiences. Distant past events typically have fewer implications than recent past events for current well-being (Suh, Diener, & Fujita, 1996), so people may view negative aspects of their remote past more dispassionately. Furthermore, there is evidence indicating that people tend to flatter recent and deprecate distant former selves in order to enhance their current selfregard (Wilson & Ross, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenomenal characteristics associated with projecting oneself back into the past and forward into the future: Influence of valence and temporal distance

D’Argembeau¹,

Linden

2004

Consciousness and Cognition

675

650

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As humans, we frequently engage in mental time travel, reliving past experiences and imagining possible future events. This study examined whether similar factors affect the subjective experience associated with remembering the past and imagining the future.Participants mentally "re-experienced" or "pre-experienced" positive and negative events that differed in their temporal distance from the present (close versus distant), and then rated the phenomenal characteristics (i.e., sensorial, contextual, and emotional details) associated with their representations. For both past and future, representations of positive events were associated with a greater feeling of re-experiencing (or pre-experiencing) than representations of negative events. In addition, representations of temporally close events (both past and future) contained more sensorial and contextual details, and generated a stronger feeling of reexperiencing (or pre-experiencing) than representations of temporally distant events. It is suggested that the way we both remember our past and imagine our future is constrained by our current goals. One of the most fascinating achievements of the human mind is its ability to engage in mental time travel in order to mentally relive past experiences (Suddendorf & Busby, 2003;Tulving, 2002;Wheeler, Stuss, & Tulving, 1997). When mentally traveling back to the past, we may remember an event in considerable detail, for instance by "seeing" in our mind the location where this past experience took place as well as the persons and objects that were present, by remembering the unfolding of the event as well as what we felt or thought when experiencing it, and so forth. Such detailed sensorial and contextual (spatio-temporal) information is an essential aspect of memory because it provides the rememberer with a subjective "sense of self" in the past (Klein, 2001) and enables him or her to distinguish memories of events that have been personally experienced in the past from other kinds of representations such as dreams, imagined events, or beliefs (Johnson, Hashtroudi, & Lindsay, 1993). According to Tulving's most recent characterization of episodic memory (Tulving, 2002;Wheeler et al., 1997), the hallmark of episodic retrieval is what he terms "autonoetic" (self-knowing) consciousness, which is "the kind of consciousness that mediates an individual's awareness of his or her existence and identity in subjective time extending from the personal past through the present to the personal future" (Tulving, 1985, p. 1). Autonoetic consciousness is thought to allow not only the subjective experience associated with reexperiencing a past experience but also the ability to project oneself forward in time to mentally "pre-experience" an event (Wheeler et al., 1997). However, although many researchers have showed increased interest in the subjective experience of remembering, by investigating either states of awareness (e.g., Gardiner, 1988;Tulving, 1985) or phenomenal characteristics (e.g., Johnson, Foley, Suengas, & Raye, ...

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Events and subjective well-being: Only recent events matter.

Cited by 617 publications

References 95 publications

Cognitive, affective and contextual predictors of subjective wellbeing

Cognitive, affective and contextual predictors of subjective wellbeing

The shifting basis of life satisfaction judgments across cultures: Emotions versus norms.

Phenomenal characteristics associated with projecting oneself back into the past and forward into the future: Influence of valence and temporal distance

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